Table A2 International organizations’... | Emerald Publishing

Table A2

International organizations’ and governments’ policies and guidelines for Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in education

Overarching content themes	Content subthemes	Codes	OECD (2023)	UNESCO (2023)	UNESCO (2023)	GOV.UK (2023)	GOV.UK (2023)	EU AI Act (2023)
Education Redesign and Preparedness	Leveraging Emerging Technology to Enhance Learning	Personalized learning; creative application of GAI in education; Diverse application of GAI in education; Test and scale evidence-based AI in academia; Human-AI collaboration	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
	Assessment and Evaluation Reform	Explainability, transparency, and verifiability of assessments and learning design; Addressing learners’ cognitive bias; Curating reliable content and learning sources for assessment; Reimagining learning assessment methods; Acknowledging the use of GAI		✔	✔	✔	✔
	Students’ and Teachers’ Preparedness for AI	Cultivating critical awareness of GAI, Equity and workforce Readiness; Preserving Human agency in the age of AI; Fostering GAI competencies; Mitigating bias amplification; Safeguarding intrinsic motivation; Anticipating the future of work	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Digital Inclusion and Exclusion in the Age of AI	Accessibility to Counter Learning Inequity	Mitigating digital Poverty; Balancing AI resources; Lowering entry barriers; Promoting equity through technological accessibility guidelines; scalable solutions for ethical AI implementation	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔
Digital Inclusion and Exclusion in the Age of AI	Accessibility to Promote Learning Equity	Promote equity in cognitive and social skills, fostering inclusion and diversity		✔			✔	✔

Overarching content themes	Content subthemes	Codes	OECD (2023)	UNESCO (2023)	UNESCO (2023)	GOV.UK (2023)	GOV.UK (2023)	EU AI Act (2023)
Education Redesign and Preparedness	Leveraging Emerging Technology to Enhance Learning	Personalized learning; creative application of GAI in education; Diverse application of GAI in education; Test and scale evidence-based AI in academia; Human-AI collaboration	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
	Assessment and Evaluation Reform	Explainability, transparency, and verifiability of assessments and learning design; Addressing learners’ cognitive bias; Curating reliable content and learning sources for assessment; Reimagining learning assessment methods; Acknowledging the use of GAI		✔	✔	✔	✔
	Students’ and Teachers’ Preparedness for AI	Cultivating critical awareness of GAI, Equity and workforce Readiness; Preserving Human agency in the age of AI; Fostering GAI competencies; Mitigating bias amplification; Safeguarding intrinsic motivation; Anticipating the future of work	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Digital Inclusion and Exclusion in the Age of AI	Accessibility to Counter Learning Inequity	Mitigating digital Poverty; Balancing AI resources; Lowering entry barriers; Promoting equity through technological accessibility guidelines; scalable solutions for ethical AI implementation	✔	✔	✔		✔	✔
Digital Inclusion and Exclusion in the Age of AI	Accessibility to Promote Learning Equity	Promote equity in cognitive and social skills, fostering inclusion and diversity		✔			✔	✔

Source(s): Table generated by the authors based on collected data