Universities’ policies and guidelines for Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in education
| Content subthemes | % of documents (13) mentioning | Codes | Document |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leveraging Emerging Technology to Enhance Learning | 54% | Positive attitude toward usage | (CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US1, 2023) |
| 38% | Encourage responsible usage | (AU1, 2023; CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Facilitate the use of AIED in education | (FI2, 2023; UK1, 2023) | |
| Assessment and Evaluation Reform | 85% | Acknowledgement/reference required | (AU1, 2023; CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI2, 2023; HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US1, 2023; US3, 2023) |
| 15% | Allowed for coding/programming | (US2, 2023; US3, 2023) | |
| 77% | Allowed/moderated/specified by the course director | (AU1, 2023; CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 31% | Prohibit usage for tests, certain courses, task type | (FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Prohibit usage of tools to detect plagiarism from GAI | (US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Allow usage of tools to detect plagiarism from GAI | (HK1, 2023) | |
| 15% | Require originality (or demonstrably of own) of work for tests, certain courses | (HK2, 2023; UK2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Misuses of GAI | (HK2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Detailed misuses of GAI example | (CA2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Detailed steps on prevent misuses (in assessments) | (CA2, 2023) | |
| 62% | Detailed steps on how to use GAI (GPT) | (AU1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US3, 2023) | |
| 8% | List out ethical issues | (US3, 2023) | |
| 8% | List out the type of course that fits the purpose | (HK2, 2023) | |
| 31% | Pedagogical steps for writing with GAI | (CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; HK2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Refer to specific GAI tools or their Privacy Notices | (HK1, 2023) | |
| Students’ and Teachers’ Preparedness for AI | 46% | Support AI-literacy | (CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI2, 2023; UK2, 2023; US2, 2023; US3, 2023) |
| 23% | Share best practices of technology application | (CA2, 2023; UK1, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| Accessibility to Counter Learning Inequity | 15% | Allow prohibition (of some software/tools to ensure equity across groups) | (FI2, 2023; US2, 2023) |
| 23% | Prohibit all use of AI | (HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; US3, 2023) | |
| Accessibility to Promote Learning Equity | 38% | Adapt teaching assessments to ensure equality | (CA1, 2023; FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; UK1, 2023; US2, 2023) |
| 46% | Ensure academic rigor and integrity | (CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; UK1, 2023; US1, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Ensure transparency | (FI1, 2023; UK1, 2023) | |
| 8% | Ensure accountability | (FI1, 2023) | |
| 8% | Usage only after vetting PIA (Privacy Impact Assessment) | (HK1, 2023) |
| Content subthemes | % of documents (13) mentioning | Codes | Document |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leveraging Emerging Technology to Enhance Learning | 54% | Positive attitude toward usage | (CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US1, 2023) |
| 38% | Encourage responsible usage | (AU1, 2023; CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Facilitate the use of AIED in education | (FI2, 2023; UK1, 2023) | |
| Assessment and Evaluation Reform | 85% | Acknowledgement/reference required | (AU1, 2023; CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI2, 2023; HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US1, 2023; US3, 2023) |
| 15% | Allowed for coding/programming | (US2, 2023; US3, 2023) | |
| 77% | Allowed/moderated/specified by the course director | (AU1, 2023; CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 31% | Prohibit usage for tests, certain courses, task type | (FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Prohibit usage of tools to detect plagiarism from GAI | (US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Allow usage of tools to detect plagiarism from GAI | (HK1, 2023) | |
| 15% | Require originality (or demonstrably of own) of work for tests, certain courses | (HK2, 2023; UK2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Misuses of GAI | (HK2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Detailed misuses of GAI example | (CA2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Detailed steps on prevent misuses (in assessments) | (CA2, 2023) | |
| 62% | Detailed steps on how to use GAI (GPT) | (AU1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; NZ1, 2023; UK2, 2023; US3, 2023) | |
| 8% | List out ethical issues | (US3, 2023) | |
| 8% | List out the type of course that fits the purpose | (HK2, 2023) | |
| 31% | Pedagogical steps for writing with GAI | (CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; HK2, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 8% | Refer to specific GAI tools or their Privacy Notices | (HK1, 2023) | |
| Students’ and Teachers’ Preparedness for AI | 46% | Support AI-literacy | (CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI2, 2023; UK2, 2023; US2, 2023; US3, 2023) |
| 23% | Share best practices of technology application | (CA2, 2023; UK1, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| Accessibility to Counter Learning Inequity | 15% | Allow prohibition (of some software/tools to ensure equity across groups) | (FI2, 2023; US2, 2023) |
| 23% | Prohibit all use of AI | (HK1, 2023; HK2, 2023; US3, 2023) | |
| Accessibility to Promote Learning Equity | 38% | Adapt teaching assessments to ensure equality | (CA1, 2023; FI1, 2023; FI2, 2023; UK1, 2023; US2, 2023) |
| 46% | Ensure academic rigor and integrity | (CA1, 2023; CA2, 2023; FI1, 2023; UK1, 2023; US1, 2023; US2, 2023) | |
| 15% | Ensure transparency | (FI1, 2023; UK1, 2023) | |
| 8% | Ensure accountability | (FI1, 2023) | |
| 8% | Usage only after vetting PIA (Privacy Impact Assessment) | (HK1, 2023) |
Source(s): Table generated by the authors based on collected data
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