A logit regression estimates for factors influencing household food insecurity
| Variables | FIAS: Rural | FIES: Rural | FIAS: Urban | FIES: Urban | FIAS: Pooled | FIES: Pooled | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | p-value | Odds ratio | p-value | Odds ratio | p-value | Odds ratio | p-value | Odds ratio | p-value | Odds ratio | p-value | |
| Age | 1.0842 (0.007) | 0.207 | 1.0031 (0.0021) | 0.189 | 0.8707 (0.1038) | 0.245 | 0.9995 (0.0014) | 0.715 | 0.9968 (0.0293) | 0.914 | 0.9995 (0.0014) | 0.715 |
| Gender (Male) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Female | 1.0116** (0.0056) | 0.037 | 1.0117** (0.0058) | 0.042 | 1.0117** 0.0058) | 0.043 | 1.0006** (0.0003) | 0.029 | 1.0007* (0.0004) | 0.054 | 0.9973*** (0.0010) | 0.006 |
| Religion (Muslim) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Christian | 1.0004 (0.004) | 0.304 | 1.092 (1.3422) | 0.948 | 1.0558 (0.1175) | 0.625 | 0.9991 (0.0015) | 0.544 | 1.0436 (0.0372) | 0.231 | 0.9976 (0.0016) | 0.121 |
| Dependency ratio | 1.0021* (0.012) | 0.072 | 1.0011*** (0.0004) | 0.001 | 0.9973*** (0.0009) | 0.006 | 0.5229** (0.1409) | 0.016 | 0.9975*** (0.0009) | 0.004 | 0.6077** (0.1301) | 0.020 |
| Household size | 0.024 (0.022) | 1.0002 | 4.0451 (1.533) | 0.362 | 0.9998 (0.0010) | 0.875 | 1.0025 (0.0249) | 0.919 | 1.0005 (0.0013) | 0.706 | 1.0574 (0.0421) | 0.160 |
| Education (None) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Primary | 1.0002 (0.0002) | 0.282 | 0.996 (0.0054) | 0.478 | 1.00001 (0.0011) | 0.989 | 0.9819 (0.0381) | 0.637 | 0.9849 (0.0249) | 0.549 | 1.0001 (0.0009) | 0.932 |
| High school | 0.9915* (0.0008) | 0.056 | 0.999* (0.0002) | 0.077 | 1.0003** (0.0001) | 0.047 | 0.9972** (0.0012) | 0.015 | 0.9946* (0.0029) | 0.071 | 1.0384* (0.0219) | 0.074 |
| Above high school | 0.9999 (0.00002) | 0.567 | 0.193 (2.606) | 0.528 | 1.0232 (0.0334) | 0.481 | 0.9957 (0.0031) | 0.172 | 0.9983 (0.0015) | 0.236 | 1.0278 (0.0326) | 0.388 |
| Marital status (Single) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Married | 0.9999 (0.00003) | 0.325 | 0.999 (0.0003) | 0.170 | 1.0468 (0.0424) | 0.259 | 1.0006 (0.0004) | 0.125 | 0.9910 (0.1079) | 0.934 | 1.0007 (0.0023) | 0.753 |
| Divorced | 0.8707 (0.1038) | 0.245 | 0.9968 (0.0293) | 0.914 | 0.9995 (0.0014) | 0.715 | 1.0285 (0.0397) | 0.466 | 0.8748 (0.0727) | 0.107 | 0.9998 (0.0016) | 0.918 |
| Widowed | 1.0003** (0.0002) | 0.032 | 0.8192* (0.0965) | 0.091 | 1.0003** (0.0001 | 0.011 | 0.8228** (0.0643) | 0.013 | 1.0374* (0.0215) | 0.077 | 0.8228** (0.0644) | 0.013 |
| Access to credit (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9945* (0.0030) | 0.068 | 1.0821** (0.0419) | 0.042 | 1.0004*** (0.0001) | 0.003 | 1.0004** (0.0002) | 0.015 | 1.0400* (0.0225) | 0.069 | 1.0006* (0.0004) | 0.091 |
| Employment status (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9954 (0.0026) | 0.077 | 0.9954* (0.0021) | 0.068 | 1.0401* (0.0225) | 0.069 | 0.9969** (0.0014) | 0.026 | 1.0006* (0.0003) | 0.066 | 1.0375* (0.0220) | 0.082 |
| Distance to market | 1.0014 (0.049) | 0.969 | 1.008 (0.015) | 0.597 | 1.0075 (0.0109) | 0.492 | 0.9869 (0.0124) | 0.297 | 1.0917 (0.1197) | 0.424 | 0.9917 (0.0157) | 0.599 |
| Humanitarian aid (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.998** (0.0012) | 0.055 | 0.998** (0.001) | 0.003 | 0.9972*** (0.0009) | 0.002 | 0.9972*** (0.0010) | 0.004 | 0.9007 (0.0498) | 0.059 | 1.5723* (0.3689) | 0.054 |
| Damage due to armed conflict (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9962** (0.0018) | 0.033 | 1.0021* (0.0011) | 0.064 | 1.0011** (0.0011) | 0.049 | 1.0014** (0.0006) | 0.018 | 0.9958** (0.0017) | 0.015 | 1.0041*** (0.0013) | 0.001 |
| _cons | 0.0005 (2.079) | 0.0005 | 1.3084 (0.3191) | 0.020 | 0.0001 (0.0002) | 0.022 | 1.0270 (0.0791) | 0.729 | 1.0355 (0.0115) | 0.002 | 0.7737 (0.0757) | 0.009 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.3843*** | 0.4146*** | 0.3087*** | 0.4245*** | 0.3068*** | 0.3137*** | ||||||
| Observations | 1,060 | 1,060 | 740 | 740 | 1,800 | 1,800 | ||||||
| Variables | FIAS: Rural | FIES: Rural | FIAS: Urban | FIES: Urban | FIAS: Pooled | FIES: Pooled | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | Odds ratio | Odds ratio | Odds ratio | Odds ratio | Odds ratio | |||||||
| Age | 1.0842 (0.007) | 0.207 | 1.0031 (0.0021) | 0.189 | 0.8707 (0.1038) | 0.245 | 0.9995 (0.0014) | 0.715 | 0.9968 (0.0293) | 0.914 | 0.9995 (0.0014) | 0.715 |
| Gender (Male) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Female | 1.0116** (0.0056) | 0.037 | 1.0117** (0.0058) | 0.042 | 1.0117** 0.0058) | 0.043 | 1.0006** (0.0003) | 0.029 | 1.0007* (0.0004) | 0.054 | 0.9973*** (0.0010) | 0.006 |
| Religion (Muslim) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Christian | 1.0004 (0.004) | 0.304 | 1.092 (1.3422) | 0.948 | 1.0558 (0.1175) | 0.625 | 0.9991 (0.0015) | 0.544 | 1.0436 (0.0372) | 0.231 | 0.9976 (0.0016) | 0.121 |
| Dependency ratio | 1.0021* (0.012) | 0.072 | 1.0011*** (0.0004) | 0.001 | 0.9973*** (0.0009) | 0.006 | 0.5229** (0.1409) | 0.016 | 0.9975*** (0.0009) | 0.004 | 0.6077** (0.1301) | 0.020 |
| Household size | 0.024 (0.022) | 1.0002 | 4.0451 (1.533) | 0.362 | 0.9998 (0.0010) | 0.875 | 1.0025 (0.0249) | 0.919 | 1.0005 (0.0013) | 0.706 | 1.0574 (0.0421) | 0.160 |
| Education (None) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Primary | 1.0002 (0.0002) | 0.282 | 0.996 (0.0054) | 0.478 | 1.00001 (0.0011) | 0.989 | 0.9819 (0.0381) | 0.637 | 0.9849 (0.0249) | 0.549 | 1.0001 (0.0009) | 0.932 |
| High school | 0.9915* (0.0008) | 0.056 | 0.999* (0.0002) | 0.077 | 1.0003** (0.0001) | 0.047 | 0.9972** (0.0012) | 0.015 | 0.9946* (0.0029) | 0.071 | 1.0384* (0.0219) | 0.074 |
| Above high school | 0.9999 (0.00002) | 0.567 | 0.193 (2.606) | 0.528 | 1.0232 (0.0334) | 0.481 | 0.9957 (0.0031) | 0.172 | 0.9983 (0.0015) | 0.236 | 1.0278 (0.0326) | 0.388 |
| Marital status (Single) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Married | 0.9999 (0.00003) | 0.325 | 0.999 (0.0003) | 0.170 | 1.0468 (0.0424) | 0.259 | 1.0006 (0.0004) | 0.125 | 0.9910 (0.1079) | 0.934 | 1.0007 (0.0023) | 0.753 |
| Divorced | 0.8707 (0.1038) | 0.245 | 0.9968 (0.0293) | 0.914 | 0.9995 (0.0014) | 0.715 | 1.0285 (0.0397) | 0.466 | 0.8748 (0.0727) | 0.107 | 0.9998 (0.0016) | 0.918 |
| Widowed | 1.0003** (0.0002) | 0.032 | 0.8192* (0.0965) | 0.091 | 1.0003** (0.0001 | 0.011 | 0.8228** (0.0643) | 0.013 | 1.0374* (0.0215) | 0.077 | 0.8228** (0.0644) | 0.013 |
| Access to credit (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9945* (0.0030) | 0.068 | 1.0821** (0.0419) | 0.042 | 1.0004*** (0.0001) | 0.003 | 1.0004** (0.0002) | 0.015 | 1.0400* (0.0225) | 0.069 | 1.0006* (0.0004) | 0.091 |
| Employment status (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9954 (0.0026) | 0.077 | 0.9954* (0.0021) | 0.068 | 1.0401* (0.0225) | 0.069 | 0.9969** (0.0014) | 0.026 | 1.0006* (0.0003) | 0.066 | 1.0375* (0.0220) | 0.082 |
| Distance to market | 1.0014 (0.049) | 0.969 | 1.008 (0.015) | 0.597 | 1.0075 (0.0109) | 0.492 | 0.9869 (0.0124) | 0.297 | 1.0917 (0.1197) | 0.424 | 0.9917 (0.0157) | 0.599 |
| Humanitarian aid (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.998** (0.0012) | 0.055 | 0.998** (0.001) | 0.003 | 0.9972*** (0.0009) | 0.002 | 0.9972*** (0.0010) | 0.004 | 0.9007 (0.0498) | 0.059 | 1.5723* (0.3689) | 0.054 |
| Damage due to armed conflict (No) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9962** (0.0018) | 0.033 | 1.0021* (0.0011) | 0.064 | 1.0011** (0.0011) | 0.049 | 1.0014** (0.0006) | 0.018 | 0.9958** (0.0017) | 0.015 | 1.0041*** (0.0013) | 0.001 |
| _cons | 0.0005 (2.079) | 0.0005 | 1.3084 (0.3191) | 0.020 | 0.0001 (0.0002) | 0.022 | 1.0270 (0.0791) | 0.729 | 1.0355 (0.0115) | 0.002 | 0.7737 (0.0757) | 0.009 |
| Pseudo | 0.3843*** | 0.4146*** | 0.3087*** | 0.4245*** | 0.3068*** | 0.3137*** | ||||||
| Observations | 1,060 | 1,060 | 740 | 740 | 1,800 | 1,800 | ||||||
Source(s): Authors’ computations, 2024 ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, and *p < 0.1. Values in parentheses are standard errors of the odds ratio
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