Table 2

Models of expenditures on social protection benefits (lnSP)

VariableModel 1Model 2Model 3
Constant3.49*** (0.33)3.64*** (0.23)3.89*** (0.24)
Independent variables
lnWPE0.08* (0.04)  
lnWME 0.04** (0.01) 
lnGPG  −0.05** (0.01)
Control variables
lnEL0.004 (0.03)0.03 (0.03)0.004 (0.04)
lnUE0.12*** (0.03)0.12*** (0.03)0.11*** (0.03)
lnGini−0.27** (0.09)−0.29** (0.08)−0.27** (0.08)
Fit statistics
No. of countries272727
No of observations480480463
Wald testχ2(27) = 1645.57, p = 0χ2(27) = 2082.06, p = 0χ2(27) = 1737.54, p = 0
Wooldridge testF(1, 26) = 299.90, p < 0.001F(1, 26) = 288.84, p < 0.001F(1, 26) = 236.98, p < 0.001
Pesaran CD testz = 32.78, p < 0.001z = 32.57, p < 0.001z = 27.05, p < 0.001
FF(4, 26) = 11.30, Prob > F = 0.000F(4, 26) = 8.13, Prob > F = 0.0002F(4, 26) = 16.01, Prob > F = 0.000
Within R20.160.170.17

Note(s): ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05; DKSE – Driscoll-Kraay standard errors in brackets

Source(s): Table by Aleksandra Gawel

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal