Table 1

Descriptive statistics

ItemsMeaningMeanMedianMinMaxStd. Dev
SDG1No Poverty2.6563.0001.0004.0001.098
SDG2Zero Hunger1.3021.0001.0003.0000.481
SDG3Good Health and Well-Being1.7501.0001.0004.0000.878
SDG4Quality Education2.3542.0001.0004.0001.020
SDG5Gender Equality2.0312.0001.0004.0000.918
SDG6Clean Water and Sanitation1.7712.0001.0003.0000.743
SDG7Affordable and Clean Energy2.0002.0001.0004.0000.913
SDG8Decent Work and Economic Growth1.8332.0001.0003.0000.745
SDG9Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure1.8852.0001.0004.0000.789
SDG10Reduced Inequalities1.9382.0001.0004.0000.888
SDG11Sustainable Cities and Communities2.0102.0001.0003.0000.784
SDG12Responsible Consumption and Production2.3852.0001.0004.0001.185
SDG13Climate Action2.5213.0001.0004.0001.145
SDG14Life Below Water1.4481.0001.0003.0000.643
SDG15Life on land1.5421.0001.0004.0000.789
SDG16Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions1.5521.0001.0004.0000.776
SDG17Partnerships for the goals1.9272.0001.0003.0000.696
GDPGDP per Capita PPP27,55818,075251126,90525,765
WBWell-Being5.6525.8922.5608.1501.166
DEMDemocracy0.5640.6200.0750.9160.251

Note(s): SDG1–SDG17: 1 = red (i.e. major challenges), 2 = orange (i.e. significant challenges), 3 = yellow (i.e. challenges remain) and 4 = green (i.e. goal achievement); WB: 0 (worst possible life) to 10 (best possible life) from “life satisfaction metrics” included in the World Happiness Report; DEM: 0 (least democratic) to 1 (most democratic), Our World in Data “Electoral democracy index, 2022”; GDP: GDP per Capita PPP in US dollars from the World Bank; All the data refers to the year 2022; N = 96 countries (9 countries from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 11 countries from East and South Asia, 13 countries from Latin America and the Caribbean, 8 countries from the Middle East and North Africa, 31 OECD countries and 24 countries from Sub-Saharan Africa)

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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