Table 6 Robust checking analysis 3:...

Table 6

Robust checking analysis 3: controlling for the pandemic

	Eq. 1		Eq. 2		Eq. 3		Eq. 4		Eq. 5		Eq. 6
	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.
WGI_va	5.2417**	1.7647
WGI_va_pandemic	−1.7803	1.4905
WGI_rq			4.6511***	1.3147
WGI_rq_pandemic			−1.5697	1.2318
WGI_rl					4.7362***	0.8804
WGI_rl_pandemic					−0.9811	0.9137
WGI_ps							2.9296†	1.7435
WGI_ps_pandemic							−2.2042	1.6486
WGI_ge									5.1282***	1.1387
WGI_ge_pandemic									−1.4698	1.0567
WGI_cc											3.8240***	0.7628
WGI_cc_pandemic											−0.7226	0.7481
Pandemic	5.9793**	1.9613	5.9700**	1.8173	5.7570***	1.4963	5.5358**	1.6116	6.1936***	1.6314	4.6377**	1.3496
Left	−0.2169	0.8128	−0.0202	0.8203	0.1065	0.7923	−0.5549	0.8127	0.2098	0.8214	0.2362	0.8248
Strength	−0.0824†	0.0458	−0.0743	0.0451	−0.0458	0.0424	−0.1240**	0.0460	−0.0636	0.0434	−0.0427	0.0437
Balance	0.3197*	0.1383	0.3071*	0.1366	0.3745**	0.1327	0.2990*	0.1395	0.3615**	0.1351	0.2784*	0.1346
Population	1.2849*	0.5661	1.1603*	0.5717	1.1739*	0.4870	1.8678**	0.6869	1.2182*	0.5078	0.9584†	0.5076
Young	0.0152	0.1612	−0.0049	0.1619	0.0150	0.1406	0.1024	0.1737	0.0214	0.1462	−0.0355	0.1452
_cons	44.9667***	12.8501	47.4782***	12.8649	45.4924***	11.1373	37.4959*	15.4410	44.7665***	11.5737	52.1393***	11.4721
/sigma_u	3.0779***	0.5470	3.1077***	0.5400	2.4821***	0.4874	3.6137***	0.6110	2.6177***	0.5065	2.5426***	0.4966
/sigma_e	2.8168***	0.1910	2.7693***	0.1871	2.7832***	0.1899	2.7699***	0.1877	2.8156***	0.1923	2.7998***	0.1912
rho	0.5442	0.0991	0.5574	0.0963	0.4430	0.1088	0.6299	0.0889	0.4636	0.1082	0.4520	0.1087

	Eq. 1		Eq. 2		Eq. 3		Eq. 4		Eq. 5		Eq. 6
	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.
WGI_va	5.2417**	1.7647
WGI_va_pandemic	−1.7803	1.4905
WGI_rq			4.6511***	1.3147
WGI_rq_pandemic			−1.5697	1.2318
WGI_rl					4.7362***	0.8804
WGI_rl_pandemic					−0.9811	0.9137
WGI_ps							2.9296†	1.7435
WGI_ps_pandemic							−2.2042	1.6486
WGI_ge									5.1282***	1.1387
WGI_ge_pandemic									−1.4698	1.0567
WGI_cc											3.8240***	0.7628
WGI_cc_pandemic											−0.7226	0.7481
Pandemic	5.9793**	1.9613	5.9700**	1.8173	5.7570***	1.4963	5.5358**	1.6116	6.1936***	1.6314	4.6377**	1.3496
Left	−0.2169	0.8128	−0.0202	0.8203	0.1065	0.7923	−0.5549	0.8127	0.2098	0.8214	0.2362	0.8248
Strength	−0.0824†	0.0458	−0.0743	0.0451	−0.0458	0.0424	−0.1240**	0.0460	−0.0636	0.0434	−0.0427	0.0437
Balance	0.3197*	0.1383	0.3071*	0.1366	0.3745**	0.1327	0.2990*	0.1395	0.3615**	0.1351	0.2784*	0.1346
Population	1.2849*	0.5661	1.1603*	0.5717	1.1739*	0.4870	1.8678**	0.6869	1.2182*	0.5078	0.9584†	0.5076
Young	0.0152	0.1612	−0.0049	0.1619	0.0150	0.1406	0.1024	0.1737	0.0214	0.1462	−0.0355	0.1452
_cons	44.9667***	12.8501	47.4782***	12.8649	45.4924***	11.1373	37.4959*	15.4410	44.7665***	11.5737	52.1393***	11.4721
/sigma_u	3.0779***	0.5470	3.1077***	0.5400	2.4821***	0.4874	3.6137***	0.6110	2.6177***	0.5065	2.5426***	0.4966
/sigma_e	2.8168***	0.1910	2.7693***	0.1871	2.7832***	0.1899	2.7699***	0.1877	2.8156***	0.1923	2.7998***	0.1912
rho	0.5442	0.0991	0.5574	0.0963	0.4430	0.1088	0.6299	0.0889	0.4636	0.1082	0.4520	0.1087

Note(s): (1) †, *, **, and *** represent statistical relevance at 90, 95, 99, and 99.9%, respectively; (2) Results are controlled by year dummy variables

Source(s): Table created by authors

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