Air quality, donations, and volunteers: Main hypothesis tests
| DV = | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donations (1) | Volunteers (2) | |||
| Hazardous Dayst | −0.001** | (−3.146) | 0.008* | (2.111) |
| Fundraising Expensest-1 | 1.831** | (2148.866) | 1.931** | (215.830) |
| Aget | −0.021** | (−105.328) | 0.166** | (81.195) |
| Program Expense Ratiot-1 | 0.060** | (72.916) | 0.073** | (8.551) |
| Sizet-1 | 0.088** | (449.594) | 0.031** | (15.086) |
| Government Grantst-1 | −0.060** | (−184.488) | −0.185** | (−54.152) |
| Program Service Revenuet-1 | −0.129** | (−501.924) | −0.220** | (−81.886) |
| Governance Indext-1 | 0.023** | (169.947) | 0.371** | (261.704) |
| Employeest-1 | 0.038** | (316.842) | 0.255** | (201.718) |
| Ruralt-1 | −0.032** | (−10.117) | −0.448** | (−13.483) |
| Poverty Ratet-1 | −0.0001 | (−0.692) | −0.039** | (−84.688) |
| Constant | −0.089** | (−28.517) | −0.318** | (−9.662) |
| Industry, State, and Year Fixed Effects | YES | YES | ||
| Observations | 1,633,529 | 1,633,529 | ||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.838 | 0.222 | ||
| F | 99,738.743** | 5,495.588** | ||
| DV = | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donations (1) | Volunteers (2) | |||
| Hazardous Dayst | −0.001** | (−3.146) | 0.008* | (2.111) |
| Fundraising Expensest-1 | 1.831** | (2148.866) | 1.931** | (215.830) |
| Aget | −0.021** | (−105.328) | 0.166** | (81.195) |
| Program Expense Ratiot-1 | 0.060** | (72.916) | 0.073** | (8.551) |
| Sizet-1 | 0.088** | (449.594) | 0.031** | (15.086) |
| Government Grantst-1 | −0.060** | (−184.488) | −0.185** | (−54.152) |
| Program Service Revenuet-1 | −0.129** | (−501.924) | −0.220** | (−81.886) |
| Governance Indext-1 | 0.023** | (169.947) | 0.371** | (261.704) |
| Employeest-1 | 0.038** | (316.842) | 0.255** | (201.718) |
| Ruralt-1 | −0.032** | (−10.117) | −0.448** | (−13.483) |
| Poverty Ratet-1 | −0.0001 | (−0.692) | −0.039** | (−84.688) |
| Constant | −0.089** | (−28.517) | −0.318** | (−9.662) |
| Industry, State, and Year Fixed Effects | YES | YES | ||
| Observations | 1,633,529 | 1,633,529 | ||
| Adjusted | 0.838 | 0.222 | ||
| F | 99,738.743** | 5,495.588** | ||
Note(s): Table shows coefficients from robust regressions, with t-stats in parentheses; + p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (two-tailed). Robust regressions eliminate gross outliers (i.e. where Cook's distance >1), and automatically down-weights outliers and influential observations in the estimation process, providing more reliable coefficient estimates than OLS when data contain extreme values or influential cases. See Appendix for variable definitions
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