Air quality, donations, and volunteers: instrumental variables tests
| DV = | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donations (1) | Volunteers (2) | |||
| Hazardous Dayst | −2.067** | (−36.173) | 0.652** | (5.418) |
| Fundraising Expensest-1 | 1.227** | (289.548) | 1.694** | (189.949) |
| Aget | −0.035** | (−35.002) | 0.163** | (78.381) |
| Program Expense Ratiot-1 | 0.140** | (33.650) | 0.102** | (11.581) |
| Sizet-1 | 0.169** | (172.468) | 0.031** | (15.078) |
| Government Grantst-1 | −0.053** | (−33.070) | −0.175** | (−51.451) |
| Program Service Revenuet-1 | −0.161** | (−124.785) | −0.203** | (−74.898) |
| Governance Indext-1 | 0.038** | (55.873) | 0.356** | (247.417) |
| Employeest-1 | 0.056** | (92.150) | 0.241** | (189.918) |
| Ruralt-1 | −0.037* | (−2.312) | −0.487** | (−14.420) |
| Poverty Ratet-1 | 0.003** | (14.511) | −0.038** | (−78.215) |
| Constant | −0.126** | (−8.735) | −0.380** | (−12.531) |
| Industry, State, and Year Fixed Effects | YES | YES | ||
| Observations | 1,500,617 | 1,500,617 | ||
| F | 3,542.310** | 4,855.683** | ||
| DV = | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donations (1) | Volunteers (2) | |||
| Hazardous Dayst | −2.067** | (−36.173) | 0.652** | (5.418) |
| Fundraising Expensest-1 | 1.227** | (289.548) | 1.694** | (189.949) |
| Aget | −0.035** | (−35.002) | 0.163** | (78.381) |
| Program Expense Ratiot-1 | 0.140** | (33.650) | 0.102** | (11.581) |
| Sizet-1 | 0.169** | (172.468) | 0.031** | (15.078) |
| Government Grantst-1 | −0.053** | (−33.070) | −0.175** | (−51.451) |
| Program Service Revenuet-1 | −0.161** | (−124.785) | −0.203** | (−74.898) |
| Governance Indext-1 | 0.038** | (55.873) | 0.356** | (247.417) |
| Employeest-1 | 0.056** | (92.150) | 0.241** | (189.918) |
| Ruralt-1 | −0.037* | (−2.312) | −0.487** | (−14.420) |
| Poverty Ratet-1 | 0.003** | (14.511) | −0.038** | (−78.215) |
| Constant | −0.126** | (−8.735) | −0.380** | (−12.531) |
| Industry, State, and Year Fixed Effects | YES | YES | ||
| Observations | 1,500,617 | 1,500,617 | ||
| F | 3,542.310** | 4,855.683** | ||
Note(s): Table shows coefficients from 2SLS instrumental variables regressions, with t-stats in parentheses; + p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (two-tailed). The instrument for Hazardous Days is the Gini Inequality Index. See Appendix for variable definitions
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