Table 1 Descriptive statistics Variable... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Descriptive statistics

Variable	Description	Source of data	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Age	The current age of the respondents (in years)	GEM survey	21,279	36.57493	11.68451	18	64
Education	UN harmonized educational attainment	GEM survey	21,279	2.801306	1.113325	0	6
Gender	The gender of the respondent (0 = male, 1 = female)	GEM survey	21,279	0.50148	0.5000096	0	1
Internet	The percentage of people with age more than 10 years who access the internet in the last 3 months based on province within the service industry	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	37.9038	9.73345	17.88	62.77
Investment	Foreign direct investment realization by Province (million US$)	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	1636.203	1845.725	9.9	7124.9
Non-performing loan (NPL)	Percentage of non-performing loans to the total amount of loans in large conventional banks at a province level	Financial Service Authority of Indonesia	21,279	0.0255216	0.0101158	0.00499	0.072813
Non-performing financing (NPF)	Percentage of non-performing financing to the total amount of financing in large Islamic banks at the province level	Financial Service Authority of Indonesia	21,279	0.0401003	0.0199928	0.0071	0.106265
Population_density	Population density per sq. km by province	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	1460.05	3683.17	10	15,624
GDP	Per capita gross regional domestic product at current market prices by Province (thousand rupiahs)	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	50239.06	45443.6	12,379	228,004
Construction_worker	Skilled construction worker at a province level	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	10763.39	11946.93	18	68,942
Early-stage entrepreneurial activity	a dummy variable, either a respondent is involved or not in early-stage entrepreneurial activity (0 = No, 1 = Yes)	GEM survey	21,279	0.1664082	0.3724554	0	1
Islamic school	Sum of Islamic primary school, Islamic junior high school, and Islamic senior high school at the provincial level	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	2949.582	3437.476	87	12,855
Islamic seminary	Islamic seminary school (pesantren) by province	Ministry of Religious Affairs	21,279	1934.406	2750.434	5	9,167
Hajj	Hajj application by province	Ministry of Religious Affairs	21,279	29938.15	32910.23	1190	113,386
Mosque	The number of Mosque registered under the Ministry of Religious Affair at the provincial level	Ministry of Religious Affairs	21,279	13048.38	16212.82	149	48,135
Halal	The number of halal certified products at the provincial level	The Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI)	21,279	1116.355	1815.544	0	6,402
Factor religiosity	Principal-component factor of: (1) sum of Islamic primary school, Islamic junior high school, and Islamic senior high school at the provincial level, (2) the number of Islamic seminary school (pesantren) by province, (3) the number of Hajj application by province, (4) the number of Mosque registered under Ministry of Religious Affair at the provincial level, (5) the number of halal certification at the provincial level		21,279	−8.15E−10	1	−0.80489	2.286529

Variable	Description	Source of data	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Age	The current age of the respondents (in years)	GEM survey	21,279	36.57493	11.68451	18	64
Education	UN harmonized educational attainment	GEM survey	21,279	2.801306	1.113325	0	6
Gender	The gender of the respondent (0 = male, 1 = female)	GEM survey	21,279	0.50148	0.5000096	0	1
Internet	The percentage of people with age more than 10 years who access the internet in the last 3 months based on province within the service industry	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	37.9038	9.73345	17.88	62.77
Investment	Foreign direct investment realization by Province (million US$)	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	1636.203	1845.725	9.9	7124.9
Non-performing loan (NPL)	Percentage of non-performing loans to the total amount of loans in large conventional banks at a province level	Financial Service Authority of Indonesia	21,279	0.0255216	0.0101158	0.00499	0.072813
Non-performing financing (NPF)	Percentage of non-performing financing to the total amount of financing in large Islamic banks at the province level	Financial Service Authority of Indonesia	21,279	0.0401003	0.0199928	0.0071	0.106265
Population_density	Population density per sq. km by province	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	1460.05	3683.17	10	15,624
GDP	Per capita gross regional domestic product at current market prices by Province (thousand rupiahs)	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	50239.06	45443.6	12,379	228,004
Construction_worker	Skilled construction worker at a province level	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	10763.39	11946.93	18	68,942
Early-stage entrepreneurial activity	a dummy variable, either a respondent is involved or not in early-stage entrepreneurial activity (0 = No, 1 = Yes)	GEM survey	21,279	0.1664082	0.3724554	0	1
Islamic school	Sum of Islamic primary school, Islamic junior high school, and Islamic senior high school at the provincial level	BPS-Statistics Indonesia	21,279	2949.582	3437.476	87	12,855
Islamic seminary	Islamic seminary school (pesantren) by province	Ministry of Religious Affairs	21,279	1934.406	2750.434	5	9,167
Hajj	Hajj application by province	Ministry of Religious Affairs	21,279	29938.15	32910.23	1190	113,386
Mosque	The number of Mosque registered under the Ministry of Religious Affair at the provincial level	Ministry of Religious Affairs	21,279	13048.38	16212.82	149	48,135
Halal	The number of halal certified products at the provincial level	The Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI)	21,279	1116.355	1815.544	0	6,402
Factor religiosity	Principal-component factor of: (1) sum of Islamic primary school, Islamic junior high school, and Islamic senior high school at the provincial level, (2) the number of Islamic seminary school (pesantren) by province, (3) the number of Hajj application by province, (4) the number of Mosque registered under Ministry of Religious Affair at the provincial level, (5) the number of halal certification at the provincial level		21,279	−8.15E−10	1	−0.80489	2.286529

Source(s): Authors’ own work