Table 4 Construct reliability and...

Table 4

Construct reliability and validity – first-order constructs

Latent variables	Items	Scale type	Weights/loadings	CA	CR	AVE	VIF
Entrepreneurial attitude	EA1	Reflective	0.848	0.918	0.939	0.755	2,484
	EA2		0.905				3,504
	EA3		0.791				2,033
	EA4		0.912				3,849
	EA5		0.884				3,12
Entrepreneurial intentions	EI1	Reflective	0.897	0.925	0.944	0,77	3,606
	EI2		0.868				3,071
	EI3		0.837				2,441
	EI4		0.887				3,075
	EI5		0.897				3,318
Self-efficacy	SE1	Reflective	0.793	0.885	0.916	0.685	1,708
	SE2		0.829				2,139
	SE3		0.838				2,486
	SE4		0.809				1,988
	SE5		0.868				2,77
Willingness to take risk	WTR1	Reflective	0.824	0.881	0.913	0.678	2,018
	WTR2		0.795				1,894
	WTR3		0,84				2,223
	WTR4		0.804				2,067
	WTR5		0.852				2,318
Institutional support	INST1	Formative	0.205	NA	NA	NA	2,438
	INST2		−0.499				2,913
	INST3		0.164				2,421
	INST4		0.283				1,994
	INST5		0.431				1,88
	INST6		0.032				1,84
	INST7		0.065				2,67
	INST8		0.253				2,743
	INST9		−0.137				2,035
	INST10		0.255				2,454
Training and support	TS1	Formative	−0.314	NA	NA	NA	2,71
	TS2		0.332				2,988
	TS3		0.671				3,15
	TS4		−0.047				2,723
	TS5		−0.125				2,656
	TS6		0.279				3,262
	TS7		0.012				2,275
	TS8		0.753				2,622
	TS9		−0,1				2,807
	TS10		−0.626				2,197
General economic environment	GEE1	Formative	−0.274	NA	NA	NA	2,878
	GEE2		0.273				2,403
	GEE3		−0.149				2,835
	GEE4		0.372				3,408
	GEE5		−0.491				1,579
	GEE6		0.414				2,548
	GEE7		0.024				1,83
	GEE8		0.403				1,983
	GEE9		0.368				2,098
	GEE10		0.106				3,026

Latent variables	Items	Scale type	Weights/loadings	CA	CR	AVE	VIF
Entrepreneurial attitude	EA1	Reflective	0.848	0.918	0.939	0.755	2,484
	EA2		0.905				3,504
	EA3		0.791				2,033
	EA4		0.912				3,849
	EA5		0.884				3,12
Entrepreneurial intentions	EI1	Reflective	0.897	0.925	0.944	0,77	3,606
	EI2		0.868				3,071
	EI3		0.837				2,441
	EI4		0.887				3,075
	EI5		0.897				3,318
Self-efficacy	SE1	Reflective	0.793	0.885	0.916	0.685	1,708
	SE2		0.829				2,139
	SE3		0.838				2,486
	SE4		0.809				1,988
	SE5		0.868				2,77
Willingness to take risk	WTR1	Reflective	0.824	0.881	0.913	0.678	2,018
	WTR2		0.795				1,894
	WTR3		0,84				2,223
	WTR4		0.804				2,067
	WTR5		0.852				2,318
Institutional support	INST1	Formative	0.205	NA	NA	NA	2,438
	INST2		−0.499				2,913
	INST3		0.164				2,421
	INST4		0.283				1,994
	INST5		0.431				1,88
	INST6		0.032				1,84
	INST7		0.065				2,67
	INST8		0.253				2,743
	INST9		−0.137				2,035
	INST10		0.255				2,454
Training and support	TS1	Formative	−0.314	NA	NA	NA	2,71
	TS2		0.332				2,988
	TS3		0.671				3,15
	TS4		−0.047				2,723
	TS5		−0.125				2,656
	TS6		0.279				3,262
	TS7		0.012				2,275
	TS8		0.753				2,622
	TS9		−0,1				2,807
	TS10		−0.626				2,197
General economic environment	GEE1	Formative	−0.274	NA	NA	NA	2,878
	GEE2		0.273				2,403
	GEE3		−0.149				2,835
	GEE4		0.372				3,408
	GEE5		−0.491				1,579
	GEE6		0.414				2,548
	GEE7		0.024				1,83
	GEE8		0.403				1,983
	GEE9		0.368				2,098
	GEE10		0.106				3,026

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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