Table 2

Proposed typology of values that foster a quality culture

ReferenceMain themeTypology valuesTypology origin
Alvesson (2012), Henri (2006), Martin (1992), Schein (2017) Understanding and interpreting organisational cultureSocial cohesion, Learning orientationOrganisational culture
Martins and Terblanche (2003), Chatman and Cha (2003) Strong shared values, influence on behaviourSocial cohesion, Committed leadershipOrganisational culture (Social cohesion), 
TQM literature (Committed leadership)
Snyder et al. (2000), Sinkula et al. (1997) Communicating shared values; cultural transformation as a long-term processCommitted leadership, Learning orientationTQM literature (Committed leadership), Organisational culture (Learning Orientation)
Zairi (2013), Bergman et al. (2022) Evolution and critique of TQM concepts and applicationProcess orientation, Continuous improvementTQM literature
Foley (2004) Critique of QM’s theoretical underpinnings and implementation failuresDecision-making based on facts, ProfessionalismTQM literature (Decision-making based on facts, Organisational culture (Professionalism)
Fundin et al. (2019, 2020), Van Kemenade and Hardjono (2019) Proposal for a new QM paradigm based on systems thinkingContinuous improvement, Learning orientationTQM literature (Continuous improvement), 
Organisational culture (Learning orientation)
Carnerud and Bäckström (2021) Differentiation between QM and TQM usageProcess orientationTQM literature
Dale (2003), Foster (2004), Lagrosen (2006), Sila and Ebrahimpour (2002) QM core values in literatureThe six TQM valuesTQM literature
Dahlgaard-Park (2012) Core values and human/ethical needs in QMProfessionalism, Continuous improvementOrganisational culture (Professionalism, TQM literature (Continuous improvement)
Cameron and Sine (1999), Dahlgaard-Park (2015) Quality culture integration and value alignmentProfessionalism, Development, Customer orientationOrganisational culture (Professionalism, Development), 
TQM literature (Customer orientation)
Malá et al. (2023) Quality culture definitions—employee involvement, goals, and rewardsEveryone’s participation, Development, CooperationTQM literature (Everyone’s participation), 
New (Development, Cooperation)
Wu et al. (2011) TQM principles—right the first time, improvement, customer focusContinuous improvement, Customer orientationTQM literature
Detert et al. (2003), Schein (2009) Linking TQM and culture frameworksAll 6 Generic values (1–6)TQM literature
SIQ (2022), Bergman et al. (2022), Sila and Ebrahimpour (2002) Definition of six core values of quality cultureCommitted leadership, Decision-making based on facts, Customer orientation, Everyone’s participation, Process orientation, Continuous improvementTQM literature
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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