Variables description
| Variables | Description |
|---|---|
| Dependent variable | |
| EXP_STATUS | Dummy: 1 if the firm exports in 2021–2022 |
| EXP_REGULARITY | Categorical: 0 if the firm do not export over the entire period 2017–22; 1 if the firm is a sporadic exporter (exporter in not every year over the period 2017–22); 2 if the firm is a regular exporter (exporter in all years of the period 2017–22) |
| EXP_NEW | Dummy: 1 if the firm do not export over the period 2017–2020 and exports in 2021–2022 |
| EXP_INTENSITY | Continuous censored: share of foreign sales on total sales |
| EXP_GROWTH | Dummy: 1 if the firm registers an increase in export both in 2022 and in 2021 |
| Independent variable | |
| I40 | Discrete (0–12): number of technologies 4.0 adopted by the firm (robotics, augmented reality, internet of things, big data, cloud computing, cyber security, additive manufacturing, simulation, horizontal and vertical integration, blockchain, machine learning, artificial intelligence) |
| Control variables | |
| HUMAN_CAPITAL | The share of graduated employees |
| B2C | Dummy: 1 if the firm operates for the final market |
| B2B | Dummy: 1 if the firm operates for subcontracting |
| AGE | Number of years since inception |
| SIZE | Number of employees |
| HIGH-TECH | Dummy: 1 if the firm belongs to high- medium-high -technology intensive industry (following the EUROSTAT classification of manufacturing industries by technological openness) |
| NORT-WEST | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the North-West |
| NORTH-EAST | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the North-East |
| CENTER | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the Center |
| SOUTH | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the South |
| EXP_UE | Dummy: 1 if the firm exports only in EU countries |
| Variables | Description |
|---|---|
| EXP_STATUS | Dummy: 1 if the firm exports in 2021–2022 |
| EXP_REGULARITY | Categorical: 0 if the firm do not export over the entire period 2017–22; 1 if the firm is a sporadic exporter (exporter in not every year over the period 2017–22); 2 if the firm is a regular exporter (exporter in all years of the period 2017–22) |
| EXP_NEW | Dummy: 1 if the firm do not export over the period 2017–2020 and exports in 2021–2022 |
| EXP_INTENSITY | Continuous censored: share of foreign sales on total sales |
| EXP_GROWTH | Dummy: 1 if the firm registers an increase in export both in 2022 and in 2021 |
| I40 | Discrete (0–12): number of technologies 4.0 adopted by the firm (robotics, augmented reality, internet of things, big data, cloud computing, cyber security, additive manufacturing, simulation, horizontal and vertical integration, blockchain, machine learning, artificial intelligence) |
| HUMAN_CAPITAL | The share of graduated employees |
| B2C | Dummy: 1 if the firm operates for the final market |
| B2B | Dummy: 1 if the firm operates for subcontracting |
| AGE | Number of years since inception |
| SIZE | Number of employees |
| HIGH-TECH | Dummy: 1 if the firm belongs to high- medium-high -technology intensive industry (following the EUROSTAT classification of manufacturing industries by technological openness) |
| NORT-WEST | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the North-West |
| NORTH-EAST | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the North-East |
| CENTER | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the Center |
| SOUTH | Dummy: 1 if the firm is located in the South |
| EXP_UE | Dummy: 1 if the firm exports only in EU countries |
Source(s): Own elaboration
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.