Table A1

Overview of interviews

Interview no.Management positionIndustryNumber of employees (in 2023)Sales in billion EUR (in 2023)
1Project Manager Digital ProductionAutomotive industry]50.000–100.000]]50–100]
2CEOElectronics industry]50–250]]1–10]
3CEOGlass industry]50–250]>1
4CEOSynthetics industry]50–250]n/a
5Expert Smart Factory and DigitalizationAutomotive industry]10.000–50.000]]1–10]
6Digitalization Manufacturing PowertrainAutomotive industry]10.000–50.000]]10–50]
7ManagerMedical engineering]50.000–100.000]]10–50]
8Head of Technology PlanningConglomerate<100.000]50–100]
9Function Owner Vehicle ConnectivityAutomotive industry<100.000>100
10Project Manager Smart FactoryMetal industry]1.000–10.000]>1
11Development Engineer DigitalizationMechanical engineering]50–250]n/a
12Head of LogisticsAutomotive industry<100.000]50–100]
13IT SpecialistAutomotive industry<100.000]10–50]
14Head of Digital OfficeElectronics industry<100.000]50–100
15Head of Brake Systems ProductionAutomotive industry<100.000]50–100]
16Head of DepartmentConglomerate]10.000–50.000]]1–10]
17Senior Data ScientistElectronics industry<100.000]50–100]
18Managing DirectorBuilding industry]250–1.000]<1
19Plant ManagerMechanical engineering]50.000–100.000]]10–50]
20Project Manager Smart ManufacturingSynthetics industry]1.000–10.000]<1
21Plant ManagerAutomotive industry]10.000–50.000]]1–10]
22Head of DepartmentElectronics industry<100.000]50–100]
23Engineer for Digitalization and AutomationAutomotive industry<100.000>100
24Head of Production DevelopmentConsumer goods<100.000]10–50]
25Agile Coach Digital Industries SoftwareElectronics industry<100.000]50–100]
26CEOMechanical engineering]1.000–10.000]]1–10]
27Plant ManagerAutomotive industry<100.000>100
28Engineer for Automated DrivingAutomotive industry<100.000>100
29CEOAutomotive industry]10.000–50.000]<1
30CTOElectronics industryn/a<1
31Plant ManagerMechanical engineering]10.000–50.000]]1–10]
32Vice President Information TechnologyAutomotive industry<100.000>100
33CEOMetal industry[0–50]<1
34CEOSynthetics industry[0–50]<1
35Lead DigitalizationMechanical engineering]50–250]<1
36CEOMetal industry]50–250]<1
37CEOConsumer goods]50–250]<1
38CFOMedical engineering]50–250]<1
39CEOSynthetics industry]50–250]n/a
40CEOMedical engineering[0–50]<1
41CEOMedical engineering[0–50]n/a
42CEOSynthetics industry[50–250]<1
43Production ManagerSynthetics industry]50–250]n/a
44Head of ControllingMedical engineering]50–250]n/a
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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Table A2

Interview guideline

Interview sectionInterview questions
Block 1 - digital technologies and sustainability

  • Which three digital technologies do you already use in your production (e.g. virtual reality, CPS)?

  • What potential is associated with this

    • Economic

    • Environmental

    • social

  • What obstacles exist to the (planned) introduction of further digital technologies?

Block 2 - Application in Smart Manufacturing

  • Please rate the three digital technologies mentioned according to the following criteria (Scale 1–10; 1 = low; 10 = high)

    • Own competencies (IT, skilled workers, etc.)

    • Market maturity

    • Degree of implementation (in the company)

    • Unutilized potential (in the company)

    • Environmental sustainability

Block 3 - Person

  • What is your name, and which company do you currently work for?

  • What is your current position and function in the company?

Source(s): Authors’ own work
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Table A3

A table shows DEMATEL key sustainability potentials with influence scale and a 9 cross 9 factor interaction grid.
A table shows DEMATEL key sustainability potentials with influence scale and a 9 cross 9 factor interaction grid.
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