Creation (Drucker, 2007)

Proactivity (Parker et al., 2019)

Creation and application (Blohowiak, 1992; Vanourek and Vanourek, 2012)

Proactivity (Jordan et al., 2021, 2023)

Application (Schumpeter, 1947; Gartner, 1985; Koutonin, 2013)

Proactivity (Battilana et al., 2009; Parker et al., 2019)

Incremental more than radical change (Drucker, 2007)

Seek new discoveries, technologies and solutions to problems (Bagley, 2014; Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2016)

Radical more than incremental change (Cheverton, 2000)

Seek to challenge and shift the status quo limiting possibility (Blohowiak, 1992; Gardiner and Jackson, 2012)

Work for the common good (Ranjekar, 2013)

Incremental more than radical change (Shane et al., 2003)

Seek gaps in the market to exploit with innovation (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000; Shane et al., 2003; Drucker, 2007; Koutonin, 2013)

Idea generation and the creation of new and/or improved products, designs or concepts (Drucker, 2007)

Pursuit of alternatives, pushing boundaries, exploring possibilities (Blohowiak, 1992; Gardiner and Jackson, 2012)

Application or commercialization (Schumpeter, 1947; Gartner, 1985; Koutonin, 2013; Silver, 2013)

Low risk-taker (Drucker, 2007)

Unconventional thinking (Bagley, 2014)

Problem-solving (Scott and Bruce, 1994; Bagley, 2014)

Risk-taker (Gardiner and Jackson, 2012)

Imagining new possibilities (Blohowiak, 1992; Cheverton, 2000; Charlton, 2008)

Disruptor (Gardiner and Jackson, 2012, 2015)

Non-conformist/misfit (Seitz, 1983; Clouse, 1997; Ray et al., 1997; Gardiner and Jackson, 2012, 2015; Clay and Phillips, 2015)

High risk-taker (Vecchio, 2003)

Business acumen (Gartner, 1989; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000)

Solution spotting (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000; Drucker, 2007)

Proactive

Out-of-the-box

Creative

Resourceful

Highly driven