Table 2

Comparison of the World’s Bay Areas

Guangdong-HK-MacaoTokyoNew YorkSan Francisco
Area (km2)56,11836,90417,31217,887
Population (million)Over 874119.57.6
GDP (US$ trillion)1.972.082.301.95
Services industry as % in GDP65%85%77%73%
Key industriesFinance, technology, professional services, advanced manufacturingAutomobiles, petroleum, and financeFinance, real estate, medical and healthcareTechnology and professional services
Industry focusFinance and technologyTransport and financeFinanceTechnology
Development stageDevelopingMatureMatureMature

Note 1: The figures of population and GDP are of 2024.

​​​​​Note 2: The San Francisco Bay Area covers nine counties bordering the San Francisco Bay. The New York Metropolitan Area covers the three cities of New York, Newark, and Jersey City and 23 surrounding counties. The Tokyo Bay Area covers Tokyo and its seven surrounding prefectures.

Source: By authors and HKTDC (2025) 

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