Table 1 Roles of State, Market, and...

Table 1

Roles of State, Market, and Community in Smart City Implementation

	State	Market	Community
Demand	City Competitiveness, Comprehensive Development, Voters’ Support, Government Performance	Economic Returns, Commercial Environment	Governance effectiveness, Participation, Responsiveness, Privacy
Capacities	Leadership, Initiatives, Coordination, Planning, Smart City Strategy, State Investment, Administration, Regulations, Technology	Technology (Integrated and Distributed), Financial Investment, Project Development and Operation	Public Participation, Content Production, Consumption, Technology

	State	Market	Community
Demand	City Competitiveness, Comprehensive Development, Voters’ Support, Government Performance	Economic Returns, Commercial Environment	Governance effectiveness, Participation, Responsiveness, Privacy
Capacities	Leadership, Initiatives, Coordination, Planning, Smart City Strategy, State Investment, Administration, Regulations, Technology	Technology (Integrated and Distributed), Financial Investment, Project Development and Operation	Public Participation,Content Production, Consumption, Technology

Sources: Factors identified by Araral, 2020; Drapalova and Wegrich, 2020; Guo et al., 2022; Wu et al., 2020; Grossi and Pianezzi, 2017; Shrivastava, 2023; Kundu, 2019; Habib et al., 2020; Sepasgozar et al., 2019.

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