The findings of descriptive statistics
| Variable | Sample capacity | Average value | Median | Standard error | Least value | Crest value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI | 11,530 | 1.541 | 1.386 | 1.370 | 0.000 | 7.364 |
| ESG | 11,530 | 4.146 | 4.000 | 1.182 | 1.000 | 7.000 |
| Gov | 11,530 | 0.292 | 0.000 | 0.455 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Age | 11,530 | 2.487 | 2.565 | 0.597 | 0.000 | 3.466 |
| Size | 11,530 | 22.804 | 22.611 | 1.385 | 16.412 | 28.548 |
| Lev | 11,530 | 0.449 | 0.445 | 0.202 | 0.051 | 0.917 |
| Growth | 11,530 | 0.174 | 0.108 | 0.415 | −0.501 | 2.783 |
| RD | 11,530 | 4.296 | 3.380 | 4.676 | 0.000 | 26.400 |
| Indep | 11,530 | 0.376 | 0.364 | 0.057 | 0.231 | 0.800 |
| TobinQ | 11,530 | 2.049 | 1.575 | 2.121 | 0.641 | 106.132 |
| Duality | 11,530 | 1.756 | 2.000 | 0.429 | 1.000 | 2.000 |
| Variable | Sample capacity | Average value | Median | Standard error | Least value | Crest value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI | 11,530 | 1.541 | 1.386 | 1.370 | 0.000 | 7.364 |
| ESG | 11,530 | 4.146 | 4.000 | 1.182 | 1.000 | 7.000 |
| Gov | 11,530 | 0.292 | 0.000 | 0.455 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Age | 11,530 | 2.487 | 2.565 | 0.597 | 0.000 | 3.466 |
| Size | 11,530 | 22.804 | 22.611 | 1.385 | 16.412 | 28.548 |
| Lev | 11,530 | 0.449 | 0.445 | 0.202 | 0.051 | 0.917 |
| Growth | 11,530 | 0.174 | 0.108 | 0.415 | −0.501 | 2.783 |
| RD | 11,530 | 4.296 | 3.380 | 4.676 | 0.000 | 26.400 |
| Indep | 11,530 | 0.376 | 0.364 | 0.057 | 0.231 | 0.800 |
| TobinQ | 11,530 | 2.049 | 1.575 | 2.121 | 0.641 | 106.132 |
| Duality | 11,530 | 1.756 | 2.000 | 0.429 | 1.000 | 2.000 |
Source(s): Developed by the authors
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