Regression results
| Variables | (1) | (2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI | p-value | GI | p-value | |
| ESG | 0.252*** | 0.010 | 0.103*** | 0.010 |
| Age | −0.062** | 0.021 | ||
| Size | 0.525*** | 0.011 | ||
| Lev | 0.189** | 0.070 | ||
| Growth | 0.074** | 0.026 | ||
| RD | 0.022*** | 0.003 | ||
| Indep | 0.194 | 0.193 | ||
| TobinQ | 0.028*** | 0.005 | ||
| Duality | −0.012 | 0.026 | ||
| _cons | 1.069*** | 0.132 | −10.305*** | 0.261 |
| Ind | Yes | Yes | ||
| Year | Yes | Yes | ||
| r2 | 0.246 | 0.418 | ||
| r2_a | 0.241 | 0.413 | ||
| F | 42.543 | 81.577 | ||
| Variables | (1) | (2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GI | GI | |||
| ESG | 0.252*** | 0.010 | 0.103*** | 0.010 |
| Age | −0.062** | 0.021 | ||
| Size | 0.525*** | 0.011 | ||
| Lev | 0.189** | 0.070 | ||
| Growth | 0.074** | 0.026 | ||
| RD | 0.022*** | 0.003 | ||
| Indep | 0.194 | 0.193 | ||
| TobinQ | 0.028*** | 0.005 | ||
| Duality | −0.012 | 0.026 | ||
| _cons | 1.069*** | 0.132 | −10.305*** | 0.261 |
| Ind | Yes | Yes | ||
| Year | Yes | Yes | ||
| r2 | 0.246 | 0.418 | ||
| r2_a | 0.241 | 0.413 | ||
| F | 42.543 | 81.577 | ||
Note(s): ***, ** and * indicate significant confidence levels at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively
Source(s): Developed by the authors
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