Table 3 Hierarchical regressions... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Hierarchical regressions predicting cynicism, separately for bachelor’s degree and master’s degree

	Bachelor’s degree					Master’s degree
Variable	β	SE	t	R²	R²_adj	β	SE	t	R²	R²_adj
Step 0
intercept	1.56	0.04	38.61***			1.89	0.05	40.33***
Step 1				0.33	0.32				0.35	0.34
intercept	0.54	0.1	5.18***			0.5	0.13	3.94***
Exhaustion	0.06	0.06	1.14			0.09	0.06	1.45
Inadequacy	0.43	0.05	9.43***			0.49	0.05	9.43***
Step 2				0.35	0.33				0.4	0.39
intercept	1.26	0.37	3.43***			2.52	0.47	5.34***
Exhaustion	0.09	0.06	1.49			0.09	0.06	1.46
Inadequacy	0.37	0.05	7.37***			0.35	0.06	6.12***
Organised studying	−0.12	0.06	−1.91			−0.12	0.07	−1.77
Deep approach	−0.01	0.08	−0.04			−0.11	0.09	−1.26
Unreflective learning	0.05	0.07	−1.21			0.05	0.07	0.75
Self-efficacy	−0.1	0.08	−1.21			−0.3	0.1	−3.08**
Step 3				0.42	0.4				0.5	0.49
intercept	1.85	0.39	4.75***			2.89	0.47	6.09***
Exhaustion	0.06	0.06	1.14			0.07	0.06	1.11
Inadequacy	0.36	0.05	7.36***			0.31	0.05	5.79***
Organised studying	−0.04	0.06	−0.65			−0.04	0.07	−0.56
Deep approach	0.15	0.08	1.81			0.1	0.08	1.17
Unreflective learning	−0.01	0.06	−0.09			0.06	0.07	0.89
Self-efficacy	−0.07	0.08	−0.84			−0.09	0.09	−0.99
Alignment	0.12	0.08	1.57			0.1	0.08	1.22
Feedback	−0.04	0.06	−0.59			−0.11	0.07	−1.54
Interest	−0.39	0.07	−5.16***			−0.51	0.08	−6.37***
Peer support	−0.09	0.06	−1.44			−0.09	0.06	−1.43

	Bachelor’s degree					Master’s degree
Variable	β	SE	t	R²	R²_adj	β	SE	t	R²	R²_adj
Step 0
intercept	1.56	0.04	38.61***			1.89	0.05	40.33***
Step 1				0.33	0.32				0.35	0.34
intercept	0.54	0.1	5.18***			0.5	0.13	3.94***
Exhaustion	0.06	0.06	1.14			0.09	0.06	1.45
Inadequacy	0.43	0.05	9.43***			0.49	0.05	9.43***
Step 2				0.35	0.33				0.4	0.39
intercept	1.26	0.37	3.43***			2.52	0.47	5.34***
Exhaustion	0.09	0.06	1.49			0.09	0.06	1.46
Inadequacy	0.37	0.05	7.37***			0.35	0.06	6.12***
Organised studying	−0.12	0.06	−1.91			−0.12	0.07	−1.77
Deep approach	−0.01	0.08	−0.04			−0.11	0.09	−1.26
Unreflective learning	0.05	0.07	−1.21			0.05	0.07	0.75
Self-efficacy	−0.1	0.08	−1.21			−0.3	0.1	−3.08**
Step 3				0.42	0.4				0.5	0.49
intercept	1.85	0.39	4.75***			2.89	0.47	6.09***
Exhaustion	0.06	0.06	1.14			0.07	0.06	1.11
Inadequacy	0.36	0.05	7.36***			0.31	0.05	5.79***
Organised studying	−0.04	0.06	−0.65			−0.04	0.07	−0.56
Deep approach	0.15	0.08	1.81			0.1	0.08	1.17
Unreflective learning	−0.01	0.06	−0.09			0.06	0.07	0.89
Self-efficacy	−0.07	0.08	−0.84			−0.09	0.09	−0.99
Alignment	0.12	0.08	1.57			0.1	0.08	1.22
Feedback	−0.04	0.06	−0.59			−0.11	0.07	−1.54
Interest	−0.39	0.07	−5.16***			−0.51	0.08	−6.37***
Peer support	−0.09	0.06	−1.44			−0.09	0.06	−1.43

Note(s): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Source(s): Authors’ own work