Variable description, measurement and source
| Variable | Description/measurement | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Human development (HD) | An index of education, life expectancy and gross national income | UNDP-HDI |
| Tourism development index (TDI) | A composite index that measures a country’s ability to develop tourism | WEF-TTDI |
| Enabling environment dimension (EED) | Index score that measures regulatory, safety, and business environment for tourism | WEF-TTDI |
| Tourism policy and enabling environment dimension (TPEED) | Index score that assesses policies and regulatory conditions for tourism growth | WEF-TTDI |
| Infrastructure and services dimension (ISD) | Index score that evaluates transport, accommodation, and service infrastructure | WEF-TTDI |
| Tourism resources dimension (TRD) | Index score that measures natural, cultural, and recreational tourism resources | WEF-TTDI |
| Tourism sustainability dimension (TSD) | Index score that assesses the environmental and economic sustainability of tourism | WEF-TTDI |
| Population growth (POP) | The annual percentage increase in population | WDI |
| Urbanization (URB) | The percentage of the population living in urban areas | WDI |
| Gross capital formation (GCF) | Total investment in physical assets like infrastructure as a percentage of GDP | WDI |
| Government effectiveness (GEF) | An index score that measures the quality of governance and public services | WDI |
| Government expenditure on education (GEX) | Government spending on education as a percentage of GDP | WDI |
| Digitalization (DIG) | The extent of digital adoption in the economy and society based on ICT goods and service import | WDI |
| Variable | Description/measurement | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Human development ( | An index of education, life expectancy and gross national income | UNDP-HDI |
| Tourism development index ( | A composite index that measures a country’s ability to develop tourism | WEF-TTDI |
| Enabling environment dimension ( | Index score that measures regulatory, safety, and business environment for tourism | WEF-TTDI |
| Tourism policy and enabling environment dimension ( | Index score that assesses policies and regulatory conditions for tourism growth | WEF-TTDI |
| Infrastructure and services dimension ( | Index score that evaluates transport, accommodation, and service infrastructure | WEF-TTDI |
| Tourism resources dimension ( | Index score that measures natural, cultural, and recreational tourism resources | WEF-TTDI |
| Tourism sustainability dimension ( | Index score that assesses the environmental and economic sustainability of tourism | WEF-TTDI |
| Population growth ( | The annual percentage increase in population | |
| Urbanization ( | The percentage of the population living in urban areas | |
| Gross capital formation ( | Total investment in physical assets like infrastructure as a percentage of | |
| Government effectiveness ( | An index score that measures the quality of governance and public services | |
| Government expenditure on education ( | Government spending on education as a percentage of | |
| Digitalization ( | The extent of digital adoption in the economy and society based on |
The TTDI is a composite index based on EED, TPEED, ISD, TRD and TSD. This is computed by the WEF
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