The impact of tourism development on human development in Sub-Saharan Africa
| Quantile regression | Random regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Variables | 25 Quant | 50 Quant | 75 Quant | Overall |
| TDI | 0.228*** (0.0272) | 0.212*** (0.0285) | 0.189*** (0.0354) | 0.111*** (0.0394) |
| POP | −0.0491* (0.0288) | −0.0493** (0.0214) | −0.0574** (0.0224) | −0.0434 (0.0292) |
| URB | 0.00147* (0.000805) | 0.00181*** (0.000648) | 0.00176*** (0.000495) | 0.00128** (0.000537) |
| GCF | −0.00515*** (0.00154) | −0.00322*** (0.00102) | −0.00283** (0.00104) | −0.000569 (0.000834) |
| GEX | 0.0122* (0.00613) | 0.0135*** (0.00466) | 0.0124** (0.00555) | 0.00264 (0.00463) |
| DIG | −0.00185 (0.00511) | −0.000923 (0.00395) | 0.00761* (0.00383) | −0.000633 (0.00146) |
| Constant | 0.276 (0.242) | 0.292 (0.193) | 0.397** (0.170) | 0.468* (0.240) |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.6059 | 0.6682 | 0.7252 | 0.7226 |
| Overall R-Square | ||||
| No. Countries | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
| Quantile regression | Random regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Variables | 25 Quant | 50 Quant | 75 Quant | Overall |
| 0.228 | 0.212 | 0.189 | 0.111 | |
| −0.0491 | −0.0493 | −0.0574 | −0.0434 (0.0292) | |
| 0.00147 | 0.00181 | 0.00176 | 0.00128 | |
| −0.00515 | −0.00322 | −0.00283 | −0.000569 (0.000834) | |
| 0.0122 | 0.0135 | 0.0124 | 0.00264 (0.00463) | |
| −0.00185 (0.00511) | −0.000923 (0.00395) | 0.00761 | −0.000633 (0.00146) | |
| Constant | 0.276 (0.242) | 0.292 (0.193) | 0.397 | 0.468 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.6059 | 0.6682 | 0.7252 | 0.7226 |
| No. Countries | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
Standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05 and *p < 0.1; TDI = Tourism Development Index; POP = population growth; URB = Urbanization; GCF = Gross capital formation; GEF = Government effectiveness; GEX = Government expenditure on education; DIG = Digitalization
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