| Economic barriers | It entails a high economic risk (B1) | (Horváth and Szabó, 2019; Packmohr et al., 2023; Roecker et al., 2017) |
| Costs are too high (B2) | (Chen et al., 2021; Horváth and Szabó, 2019; Kergroach, 2021; Nikolaou, 2024; Roecker et al., 2017) |
| Insufficient availability of suitable funding sources (B3) | (Abel-Koch et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2021; Dörflingler et al., 2016; Evci et al., 2025; Horváth, 2024; Horváth and Szabó, 2019; Kergroach, 2021; Nikolaou, 2024; Packmohr et al., 2023; Roecker et al., 2017; Rupeika-Apoga and Petrovska, 2022; Truant et al., 2021) |
| Barriers related to the availability of knowledge | Lack of qualified and trained staff (B4) | (Abel-Koch et al., 2019; Carvalho and Matos, 2020; Chen et al., 2021; Dörflingler et al., 2016; Evci et al., 2025; Horváth and Szabó, 2019; Kergroach, 2021; Nikolaou, 2024; Packmohr et al., 2023; Roecker et al., 2017) |
| Lack of information and knowledge about appropriate technology (B5) | (Chen et al., 2021; Packmohr et al., 2023; Rupeika-Apoga and Petrovska, 2022) |
| Lack of information and knowledge about the market and its needs (B6) | (Abel-Koch et al., 2019; Kergroach, 2021) |
| Barriers related to organizational culture | Internal rigidities and apprehension about change (B7) | (Abel-Koch et al., 2019; Horváth, 2024; Horváth and Szabó, 2019; Packmohr et al., 2023; Roecker et al., 2017; Rupeika-Apoga and Petrovska, 2022; Truant et al., 2021; Trubnikova and Tsagareyshvili, 2021) |
| It is not among the organization’s priorities (B8) | (Nikolaou, 2024; Packmohr et al., 2023; Roecker et al., 2017) |
| Barriers related to time availability | Inability to allocate sufficient time (B9) | (Horváth, 2024; Kergroach, 2021; Packmohr et al., 2023; Truant et al., 2021) |
| Barriers related to the markets in which they operate | Lack of interest of customers in new goods or services (B10) | (Roecker et al., 2017) |
| Factors related to intellectual property (B11) | (Horváth, 2024; Roecker et al., 2017) |