Table 1

A typology of strategic ambiguity

Organizational flexibility/environmental responsivenessProactive sensingReactive sensing
Centralized controlFlexibility and Adaptability
(Strategic ambiguity enables high-level control while adapting strategies in dynamic environments)
Control and Influence
(Maintains managerial discretion, using ambiguity to handle crises without relinquishing authority)
Decentralized controlCollaboration and Engagement
(Empowers diverse stakeholders to interpret, co-create, and align with strategic goals through flexible messaging)
Reputation and Legal Protection
(Uses ambiguity to mitigate legal and reputational risks, deflecting blame and avoiding explicit commitments)

Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration

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