Table A1. Result from the geographical... | Emerald Publishing

Table A1.

Result from the geographical context – regional variations of CE policy implementation and development

Location	Networks	Industry	Innovations
Borås/Triple helix	Aims to understand the future consumer The perspective of circular economy motivates new constellations of interaction among stakeholders connection to the car industry and its development work Strong foundation in local science park University college Funded projects with national and international partners Body for business development and infrastructure, owned by the local authority Financial resources for the “platform” through the region New constellations of public and private stakeholders Seminars, workshops to facilitate industrial restructuring and competence building Companies are seeking to be part of the meeting place and network hub. Organised seminars and workshops to trigger processes	Regional economic resilience, saving competence from the textile industry Endeavours to upgrade garment Retail centres may be repair centres The industry realises the importance of sustainability since around 2010 Human capital in textile across the value-chain Project funding; short term support both positive and negative Strong company relations; reuse and re-design in collaboration with MNCs Regime shift is difficult for individual companies – it is about systems and that different competences and companies join forces Consumer awareness; workforce and buyers Connection to the consumption driven industry Companies involved into the projects are from different locations in Sweden and from different industries Start-ups of complete micro-plants with multi-national company to transform garment. This connection to indirect CE abroad due to configurations of global value chains	Product life cycle perspective for products and services To add value and gain income in several rounds on the same garment Employees that want their employers to work for sustainability Value is created in the circular economy through Product-Service-Systems Business-model workshop to invent ways for upgrading Transformation to new business models may be achieved through new constellations of companies
Skövde/Tibro/ constellation with SMEs	Consensus and sense of urgency Generosity to share among network Creates a local brand identity Adopts that CE is high on the public agenda Connection to the car industry, and its development work Industry association (IDC) wanting to facilitate industrial transformation for future competitiveness Circular hub consolidates a formal network, with funding for three years Strong in project applications with multiple stakeholders Strong local networks connected to regional, national and EU initiatives and agencies IDC has its background from IUC (local and specialised platforms for industry development) Cooperation across the value-chain Cross industry stakeholder workshop – buyers, sales, architects, city and region representatives, larger companies throughout the value chain	Sustainable development goals Knowledge dissemination about best practice and bench-mark Individual companies cannot solve this Human capital; connection among decision makers in business and policy Geographical context and mix of stakeholders and competence Connections to committed multi-national company within the industry Companies that are avant-garde are transparent. They share because it establishes credibility Challenge with profitability for firms	It is about psychology and commitment to change business models in a traditional industry Customer demands for changes is important driver Interior designers and architects Public procurement New business models Procurement strategy Shortage of people with specialised skills for CE business development
Gothenburg/“Think tank” large industries and technical university	Industrial sustainability through sustainable development goals External horizontal integration of activities Economic rent is important Pressure on industrial transformation – create incentives Industrial core in the local economy Strong social networks IoT capability, smart factories Broad stakeholder networks with companies and universities Initiatives with 50 different firms 10 years ago – now more rapid development Think tank for industrial sustainable development, to strengthen competitiveness among the member companies, and leverage for a positive development	Economic sustainability Maintenance is now a top management issue, complex systems Green book-keeping to understand the value Communicate numeric value of CE activity Industrial competence and research competence Big data and databases connected to service business models and IoT International standards and certifications Smart maintenance	Smart maintenance –connected to Industry 4.0 Profit for companies through maintenance and after sale To identify new ways to manage and communicate value Incomes through maintenance and after sale Capability to implement (PSS) throughout the product life cycle Sensors in many different processes and industries Green book-keeping to understand the value on firm level Maintenance creates sustainability To use censors for a technology for upcycling of modules that are sustainable Modules can be recycled and the rest can be reused Cross industry development

Location	Networks	Industry	Innovations
Borås/Triple helix	Aims to understand the future consumer The perspective of circular economy motivates new constellations of interaction among stakeholders connection to the car industry and its development work Strong foundation in local science park University college Funded projects with national and international partners Body for business development and infrastructure, owned by the local authority Financial resources for the “platform” through the region New constellations of public and private stakeholders Seminars, workshops to facilitate industrial restructuring and competence building Companies are seeking to be part of the meeting place and network hub. Organised seminars and workshops to trigger processes	Regional economic resilience, saving competence from the textile industry Endeavours to upgrade garment Retail centres may be repair centres The industry realises the importance of sustainability since around 2010 Human capital in textile across the value-chain Project funding; short term support both positive and negative Strong company relations; reuse and re-design in collaboration with MNCs Regime shift is difficult for individual companies – it is about systems and that different competences and companies join forces Consumer awareness; workforce and buyers Connection to the consumption driven industry Companies involved into the projects are from different locations in Sweden and from different industries Start-ups of complete micro-plants with multi-national company to transform garment. This connection to indirect CE abroad due to configurations of global value chains	Product life cycle perspective for products and services To add value and gain income in several rounds on the same garment Employees that want their employers to work for sustainability Value is created in the circular economy through Product-Service-Systems Business-model workshop to invent ways for upgrading Transformation to new business models may be achieved through new constellations of companies
Skövde/Tibro/ constellation with SMEs	Consensus and sense of urgency Generosity to share among network Creates a local brand identity Adopts that CE is high on the public agenda Connection to the car industry, and its development work Industry association (IDC) wanting to facilitate industrial transformation for future competitiveness Circular hub consolidates a formal network, with funding for three years Strong in project applications with multiple stakeholders Strong local networks connected to regional, national and EU initiatives and agencies IDC has its background from IUC (local and specialised platforms for industry development) Cooperation across the value-chain Cross industry stakeholder workshop – buyers, sales, architects, city and region representatives, larger companies throughout the value chain	Sustainable development goals Knowledge dissemination about best practice and bench-mark Individual companies cannot solve this Human capital; connection among decision makers in business and policy Geographical context and mix of stakeholders and competence Connections to committed multi-national company within the industry Companies that are avant-garde are transparent. They share because it establishes credibility Challenge with profitability for firms	It is about psychology and commitment to change business models in a traditional industry Customer demands for changes is important driver Interior designers and architects Public procurement New business models Procurement strategy Shortage of people with specialised skills for CE business development
Gothenburg/“Think tank” large industries and technical university	Industrial sustainability through sustainable development goals External horizontal integration of activities Economic rent is important Pressure on industrial transformation – create incentives Industrial core in the local economy Strong social networks IoT capability, smart factories Broad stakeholder networks with companies and universities Initiatives with 50 different firms 10 years ago – now more rapid development Think tank for industrial sustainable development, to strengthen competitiveness among the member companies, and leverage for a positive development	Economic sustainability Maintenance is now a top management issue, complex systems Green book-keeping to understand the value Communicate numeric value of CE activity Industrial competence and research competence Big data and databases connected to service business models and IoT International standards and certifications Smart maintenance	Smart maintenance –connected to Industry 4.0 Profit for companies through maintenance and after sale To identify new ways to manage and communicate value Incomes through maintenance and after sale Capability to implement (PSS) throughout the product life cycle Sensors in many different processes and industries Green book-keeping to understand the value on firm level Maintenance creates sustainability To use censors for a technology for upcycling of modules that are sustainable Modules can be recycled and the rest can be reused Cross industry development

Source: Authors’ own work