Distribution of studies included in the review across the four themes, the main methodological approach adopted to evaluate materiality, and from whose perspective materiality is evaluated
| No | Study | Themes | Methodological approach to evaluate materiality | Perspective of materiality evaluation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ex Ante materiality evaluation | Ex Post materiality evaluation | Consequences of material disclosures | Determinants of material disclosures | ||||
| 1 | Aras et al. (2017) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis | Stakeholders |
| 2 | Berquier and Gibassier (2019) | X | – | – | – | Observational and interviews | Manager and inhabitants |
| 3 | Beske et al. (2020) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 4 | Boiral et al. (2020) | – | – | – | X | Interviews | Practitioners |
| 5 | Busch et al. (2022) | – | X | X | ESG ratings based | Investors | |
| 6 | Calabrese et al. (2016) | X | – | – | – | Multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers |
| 7 | Calabrese et al. (2015) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis and survey | Customers |
| 8 | Clarvis et al. (2014) | X | – | – | – | Conceptual (framework building) | Investors |
| 9 | Corazza (2018) | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Managers |
| 10 | Della Volpi and Paulino (2018) | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Managers |
| 11 | Farooq et al. (2021) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 12 | Fasan and Mio (2017) | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 13 | Gerwanski et al. (2019) | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 14 | Green and Cheng (2019) | X | – | – | – | Experiment | Auditors |
| 15 | Hassan et al. (2019) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 16 | Hsu et al. (2013) | X | – | – | – | Interviews and multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers |
| 17 | Karagiannis et al. (2019) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 18 | Karim et al. (2013) | X | – | – | – | Survey | Managers |
| 19 | Khan et al. (2016) | – | X | – | – | ESG ratings based | Investors |
| 20 | Maama et al. (2022) | – | X | – | – | Survey | Minority stakeholders |
| 21 | Maniora et al. (2018) | – | X | – | X | ESG ratings based | Investors |
| 22 | Mio et al. (2020) | – | X | – | X | Content analysis and interviews | Managers and stakeholders |
| 23 | Morgan et al. (2017) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 24 | Moroney and Trotman (2016) | X | – | – | – | Experiment | Auditors |
| 25 | Ngu and Amran (2021) | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 26 | Pigatto et al. (2023) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 27 | Pizzi et al. (2023) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 28 | Pratoomsuwan and Chiaravutthi (2023) | X | – | X | – | Experiment | Investors |
| 29 | Puroila and Mäkelä (2019) | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 30 | Reimsbach et al. (2020) | X | – | – | – | Experiment | Investors and potential employees |
| 31 | Ruiz-Lozano et al. (2022) | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 32 | Sanatkumar and Berka-Harnmeijer (2024) | X | – | – | X | Interviews and multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers and stakeholders |
| 33 | Sepúlveda-Alzate et al. (2021) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis and principal component analysis | Managers and stakeholders |
| 34 | Setia et al. (2024) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 35 | Tirado-Valencia et al. (2021) | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 36 | Torelli et al. (2020) | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 37 | Whitehead (2017) | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders |
| 38 | Xie et al. (2023) | – | X | X | – | ESG ratings based | Investors |
| 39 | Xu et al. (2019) | X | – | – | – | Multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers |
| No | Study | Themes | Methodological approach to evaluate materiality | Perspective of materiality evaluation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consequences of material disclosures | Determinants of material disclosures | ||||||
| 1 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 2 | X | – | – | – | Observational and interviews | Manager and inhabitants | |
| 3 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 4 | – | – | – | X | Interviews | Practitioners | |
| 5 | – | X | X | ESG ratings based | Investors | ||
| 6 | X | – | – | – | Multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers | |
| 7 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis and survey | Customers | |
| 8 | X | – | – | – | Conceptual (framework building) | Investors | |
| 9 | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Managers | |
| 10 | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Managers | |
| 11 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 12 | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 13 | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 14 | X | – | – | – | Experiment | Auditors | |
| 15 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 16 | X | – | – | – | Interviews and multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers | |
| 17 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 18 | X | – | – | – | Survey | Managers | |
| 19 | – | X | – | – | ESG ratings based | Investors | |
| 20 | – | X | – | – | Survey | Minority stakeholders | |
| 21 | – | X | – | X | ESG ratings based | Investors | |
| 22 | – | X | – | X | Content analysis and interviews | Managers and stakeholders | |
| 23 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 24 | X | – | – | – | Experiment | Auditors | |
| 25 | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 26 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 27 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 28 | X | – | X | – | Experiment | Investors | |
| 29 | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 30 | X | – | – | – | Experiment | Investors and potential employees | |
| 31 | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders | ||
| 32 | X | – | – | X | Interviews and multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers and stakeholders | |
| 33 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis and principal component analysis | Managers and stakeholders | |
| 34 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 35 | – | X | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 36 | – | X | – | X | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 37 | X | – | – | – | Content analysis | Stakeholders | |
| 38 | – | X | X | – | ESG ratings based | Investors | |
| 39 | X | – | – | – | Multi-criteria decision analysis | Managers | |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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