Table 8

Alternative estimators

VariablesWLS (1)Petersen (2009) (2)Newey–West (3)Tobit (4)
Constant0.016***0.014***0.028***0.025***
(0.007)(0.010)(0.001)(0.003)
OKTA0.011***0.034**0.026***0.034**
(0.001)(0.001)(0.004)(0.017)
ControlsYesYesYesYes
Firm FEYesYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYesYes
Adj. R253.7550.0551.2953.12
F-statistic30.06 28.21 
p-value(0.000) (0.000) 
Observations4,9134,9254,9204,919

Note(s): The table displays the results of regressions of the effect of OK on investment inefficiency using four different estimators, namely, WLS, Petersen (2009), Newey-West, and Tobit. Figures between parentheses are standard errors. ***, **, and * refer to 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels. Definitions of all variables are as presented in  Appendix 1

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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