Table 2

Descriptive statistics

Panel A: descriptive statistics
NMeanStd. devMedian1st quartile3rd quartile
PERF136,1850.0100.2420.000−0.0840.099
PERF235,1550.0380.1530.0000.0000.111
INVOP36,1850.7500.2090.8000.6000.900
SIZE
Small13,7340.3800.0001.0001.0001.000
Medium13,6110.3760.0001.0001.0001.000
Large8,8400.2440.0001.0001.0001.000
FAGE36,1852.8800.6692.8902.3983.332
FEMOWN36,1850.3070.4610.0000.0001.000
CONTROL36,1850.7200.4491.0000.0001.000
FOROWN36,1850.0680.2340.0000.0000.000
FINCRED36,1850.5560.4971.0000.0001.000
EXPORT36,1850.0970.2470.0000.0000.000
FINCONS36,1851.4731.3121.0000.0002.000
BUSRISK36,1850.0110.3100.0000.0000.000
CORP36,1850.4300.4950.0000.0001.000
EXTDEP36,1850.3230.3450.2000.0000.600
INNOV36,1851.5941.2202.0001.0003.000
Panel B: mean and median tests
HIGH_INVOP (N = 19,695)LOW_INVOP (N = 16,490)Mean test (t-test)Median test (z-test)
MeanMedianMeanMedian
PERF10.0230.009−0.006−0.01211.600***14.848***
PERF20.0500.0230.0250.00015.150***16.583***
SIZE1.9462.0001.7682.00021.900***21.445***
FAGE2.8572.8332.9062.890−6.946***−7.318***
FEMOWN0.3050.0000.3080.000−0.550−0.540
CONTROL0.7301.0000.7081.0004.550***4.534***
FOROWN0.0700.0000.0660.0001.700*−0.111
FINCRED0.5591.0000.5511.0001.4501.442
EXPORT0.1120.0000.0810.00011.800***8.690***
FINCONS1.3251.0001.6492.000−23.550***−22.620***
BUSRISK0.0110.0000.0110.000−0.050−6.832***
CORP0.4120.0000.4510.000−7.491***−7.486***
EXTDEP0.3000.2000.3500.300−13.700***−13.357***
INNOV1.6882.0001.4821.00016.100***15.841***

Note(s): Superscript ***, **, and * represent statistical significance at the 1, 5, and 10% levels, respectively, two-tailed. Descriptions of variables are provided in  Appendix

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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