Table 1

Variable definitions

VariableMeasurementSource
Risk taking
SRVAnnualised Standard deviation of Monthly Stock ReturnsEIKON
ROAVStandard deviation of ROA over 3 yearsEIKON
Engineering CEO 
EngCEODummy that is equal to 1 if a firm is managed by an engineer CEO each year and 0 otherwiseHand-collected
Firm characteristics
ROANet Income/Total AssetsMorningstar
FirmSizeNatural logarithm of total assetsMorningstar
LeverageLong + Short Term Debt/(Total Capital + Short Term Debt)*100Morningstar
CAPEXCapital expenditure/operating revenueMorningstar
SalesGrowthThe number of years listed in ASXMorningstar
Panel C: corporate governance and monitoring variables
BEngPercentage of engineer directors on boardsHand-collected
BSizeThe total number of board members at the end of the fiscal yearEIKON
BIndPercentage of non-executive board membersEIKON
Panel D: CEO characteristics variables
CEOGenderBinary variable, equal to 1 if the CEO is Male and 0 if the CEO is FemaleConnect4
CEODualityBinary variable, equal to 1 if the CEO is also the Chair and 0 otherwiseEIKON

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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