Corruption, SDGs and modern slavery: additional analysis
| Variable(s) | Dependent variable: Modern slavery (MS) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
| 2023 sample | 2018 sample | 2016 sample | MS_ALT | OECD country | Non-OECD | RDI | |
| Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | |
| CORRUP | 2.0276*** (2.61) | 3.4205*** (7.42) | 4.1610*** (3.31) | 0.4043*** (7.55) | 2.3217 (1.57) | 2.7333*** (3.99) | 4.1015*** (6.09) |
| SDG | −0.4321** (2.21) | −0.7634*** (−6.57) | −0.5096*** (−5.15) | −0.0156*** (−2.84) | −0.2730 (−1.02) | −0.3576*** (−4.14) | −0.3968*** (−4.31) |
| STAKE | 0.2068 (0.30) | −2.0068 (−1.42) | −3.7877*** (−3.14) | −0.0601 (−0.90) | −0.6007 (−0.32) | −2.1666** (−2.05) | −2.3505** (−2.11) |
| GDP | 1.5540 (1.35) | −3.3497* (−1.69) | −1.8502 (−1.07) | −0.6954*** (−7.33) | −0.5759 (−0.18) | −1.7091 (−1.10) | −0.1821** (−0.12) |
| FOI | −2.4394*** (−5.70) | −5.1743*** (−5.18) | −2.5834*** (−3.10) | −0.0417 (−0.89) | −8.8027*** (−3.93) | −3.4643*** (−5.08) | −3.5548*** (−5.10) |
| FDI | 2.1217*** (2.61) | 1.2015 (0.47) | 1.7035 (1.33) | −0.1367 (−1.60) | −0.2130 (−0.08) | 2.4357 (1.47) | 0.2693 (0.16) |
| LnExport | −0.1991 (−1.12) | 0.5377 (1.34) | 0.8645*** (2.64) | 0.3130*** (16.98) | 0.5696 (1.22) | 0.3007 (1.06) | 0.2865 (1.00) |
| MAN | −1.5992 (−1.18) | −3.5265 (−1.26) | −1.5909 (−0.65) | −0.0624 (−0.46) | −0.8251 (−0.46) | −4.9541 (−0.99) | 1.0891 (−0.51) |
| RDI | −0.6234*** (−2.82) | ||||||
| Constant | 1.4320 (0.38) | 96.8244*** (10.25) | 61.6300*** (7.84) | 1.3041*** (3.05) | 49.0337* (1.94) | 62.8348*** (5.89) | 61.8123*** (5.40) |
| Year FE | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adj. R2 | 0.3187 | 0.8924 | 0.7253 | 0.6984 | 0.8105 | 0.7128 | 0.8145 |
| N | 146 | 141 | 144 | 431 | 96 | 335 | 414 |
| Variable(s) | Dependent variable: Modern slavery (MS) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
| 2023 sample | 2018 sample | 2016 sample | MS_ALT | OECD country | Non-OECD | RDI | |
| Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | Estimate (t-value) | |
| CORRUP | 2.0276*** (2.61) | 3.4205*** (7.42) | 4.1610*** (3.31) | 0.4043*** (7.55) | 2.3217 (1.57) | 2.7333*** (3.99) | 4.1015*** (6.09) |
| SDG | −0.4321** (2.21) | −0.7634*** (−6.57) | −0.5096*** (−5.15) | −0.0156*** (−2.84) | −0.2730 (−1.02) | −0.3576*** (−4.14) | −0.3968*** (−4.31) |
| STAKE | 0.2068 (0.30) | −2.0068 (−1.42) | −3.7877*** (−3.14) | −0.0601 (−0.90) | −0.6007 (−0.32) | −2.1666** (−2.05) | −2.3505** (−2.11) |
| GDP | 1.5540 (1.35) | −3.3497* (−1.69) | −1.8502 (−1.07) | −0.6954*** (−7.33) | −0.5759 (−0.18) | −1.7091 (−1.10) | −0.1821** (−0.12) |
| FOI | −2.4394*** (−5.70) | −5.1743*** (−5.18) | −2.5834*** (−3.10) | −0.0417 (−0.89) | −8.8027*** (−3.93) | −3.4643*** (−5.08) | −3.5548*** (−5.10) |
| FDI | 2.1217*** (2.61) | 1.2015 (0.47) | 1.7035 (1.33) | −0.1367 (−1.60) | −0.2130 (−0.08) | 2.4357 (1.47) | 0.2693 (0.16) |
| LnExport | −0.1991 (−1.12) | 0.5377 (1.34) | 0.8645*** (2.64) | 0.3130*** (16.98) | 0.5696 (1.22) | 0.3007 (1.06) | 0.2865 (1.00) |
| MAN | −1.5992 (−1.18) | −3.5265 (−1.26) | −1.5909 (−0.65) | −0.0624 (−0.46) | −0.8251 (−0.46) | −4.9541 (−0.99) | 1.0891 (−0.51) |
| RDI | −0.6234*** (−2.82) | ||||||
| Constant | 1.4320 (0.38) | 96.8244*** (10.25) | 61.6300*** (7.84) | 1.3041*** (3.05) | 49.0337* (1.94) | 62.8348*** (5.89) | 61.8123*** (5.40) |
| Year FE | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adj. | 0.3187 | 0.8924 | 0.7253 | 0.6984 | 0.8105 | 0.7128 | 0.8145 |
| 146 | 141 | 144 | 431 | 96 | 335 | 414 | |
Note(s): All variable definitions are given in Table 1. t-values are shown in parentheses. ***, ** and * represent significance levels of 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively
Source(s): Table by the authors
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