Table 1 Descriptive statistics Variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Descriptive statistics

Variables	Observations	Mean	Median	SD	Min	Max
INV_INEFF	43,182	0.0811	0.0622	0.1022	0.0000	0.8087
OI	13,044	0.1342	0.0715	0.1689	0.0000	0.8087
UI	30,138	0.0581	0.0609	0.0294	0.0000	0.2112
GPR	43,182	4.5615	4.5405	0.1766	4.3476	5.0767
CGI	7,007	69.4819	69.2308	6.2059	53.8462	83.0769
GPRT	43,182	4.6017	4.5795	0.2307	4.3145	5.3118
GPRA	43,182	4.4709	4.4828	0.2878	3.8983	5.0923
TANG	43,181	0.3778	0.3404	0.2590	0.0037	1.3483
SIZE	43,170	7.8937	7.7358	1.9892	3.4132	13.1117
ROA	43,182	0.0484	0.0393	0.1003	−0.3037	0.4261
LEVE	43,160	0.3390	0.3014	0.2908	0.0000	1.6061
CASH	43,182	0.0988	0.0399	0.1440	0.0004	0.7779
SLACK	41,737	0.6329	0.0807	2.2912	0.0007	21.4640
Ln_OC	42,625	5.1619	5.1450	0.8213	2.8712	8.4792
ROE	43,159	0.0879	0.0925	0.2953	−1.4853	1.4159
CFO	43,182	0.0624	0.0644	0.1276	−0.4842	0.4582
TOBINSQ	43,182	0.5608	0.87025	1.1452	0.17514	8.9796
Ln_Age	43,182	2.8294	3.2189	1.2616	0.0000	4.5951
GDP_GRO	43,177	6.7077	7.4102	1.7798	3.0867	9.0503

Variables	Observations	Mean	Median	SD	Min	Max
INV_INEFF	43,182	0.0811	0.0622	0.1022	0.0000	0.8087
OI	13,044	0.1342	0.0715	0.1689	0.0000	0.8087
UI	30,138	0.0581	0.0609	0.0294	0.0000	0.2112
GPR	43,182	4.5615	4.5405	0.1766	4.3476	5.0767
CGI	7,007	69.4819	69.2308	6.2059	53.8462	83.0769
GPRT	43,182	4.6017	4.5795	0.2307	4.3145	5.3118
GPRA	43,182	4.4709	4.4828	0.2878	3.8983	5.0923
TANG	43,181	0.3778	0.3404	0.2590	0.0037	1.3483
SIZE	43,170	7.8937	7.7358	1.9892	3.4132	13.1117
ROA	43,182	0.0484	0.0393	0.1003	−0.3037	0.4261
LEVE	43,160	0.3390	0.3014	0.2908	0.0000	1.6061
CASH	43,182	0.0988	0.0399	0.1440	0.0004	0.7779
SLACK	41,737	0.6329	0.0807	2.2912	0.0007	21.4640
Ln_OC	42,625	5.1619	5.1450	0.8213	2.8712	8.4792
ROE	43,159	0.0879	0.0925	0.2953	−1.4853	1.4159
CFO	43,182	0.0624	0.0644	0.1276	−0.4842	0.4582
TOBINSQ	43,182	0.5608	0.87025	1.1452	0.17514	8.9796
Ln_Age	43,182	2.8294	3.2189	1.2616	0.0000	4.5951
GDP_GRO	43,177	6.7077	7.4102	1.7798	3.0867	9.0503

Note(s): The measurement of the variables is in Appendix Table A1

Source(s): Authors own work