Findings of indirect effects
| Indirect paths | Standardized indirect effect | Boot SE | Bias Corrected CI, 95% | Relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total effect (direct and indirect) | ||||
| TLE → EI | 1.103*** | 0.075 | t: 4.613 | <0.001 |
| Indirect effect | ||||
| H13a.TEL → ATTR → UT → EI | 0.034*** | 0.065 | [0.017, 0.029] | Supported |
| H13b.TEL → PV → UT → EI | 0.037*** | 0.028 | [0.004, 0.027] | Supported |
| H13c.TEL → PI → UT → EI | 0.031*** | 0.049 | [0.005, 0.018] | Supported |
| H13d.TEL → ATTR → EI | 0.039*** | 0.030 | [0.002, 0.010] | Supported |
| H13e.TEL → PV → EI | 0.033*** | 0.032 | [0.003, 0.026] | Supported |
| H13f.TEL → PI → EI | 0.029*** | 0.041 | [0.021, 0.019] | Supported |
| Direct effect | ||||
| TLE → EI | 0.092 | 0.463 | [0.064, 0.052] | <0.554 |
| Indirect paths | Standardized indirect effect | Boot | Bias Corrected CI, 95% | Relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.103*** | 0.075 | t: 4.613 | <0.001 | |
| 0.034 | 0.065 | [0.017, 0.029] | Supported | |
| 0.037 | 0.028 | [0.004, 0.027] | Supported | |
| 0.031 | 0.049 | [0.005, 0.018] | Supported | |
| 0.039 | 0.030 | [0.002, 0.010] | Supported | |
| 0.033 | 0.032 | [0.003, 0.026] | Supported | |
| 0.029 | 0.041 | [0.021, 0.019] | Supported | |
| 0.092 | 0.463 | [0.064, 0.052] | <0.554 | |
The PROCESS path TLE → EI indicates the total effect, while the other TLE → EI reflects the direct effect Appendix 4. Both effects were non-significant, confirming that H5 is not supported in either the structural or mediation model. p < 0.553. p < 0.100, *p < 0.050, **p < 0.010, ***p < 0.001
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