Table A4.

Findings of indirect effects

Indirect pathsStandardized indirect effectBoot SEBias Corrected CI, 95%Relationship
Total effect (direct and indirect)
TLE → EI1.103***0.075t: 4.613<0.001
Indirect effect
H13a.TEL → ATTR → UT → EI0.034***0.065[0.017, 0.029]Supported
H13b.TEL → PV → UT → EI0.037***0.028[0.004, 0.027]Supported
H13c.TEL → PI → UT → EI0.031***0.049[0.005, 0.018]Supported
H13d.TEL → ATTR → EI0.039***0.030[0.002, 0.010]Supported
H13e.TEL → PV → EI0.033***0.032[0.003, 0.026]Supported
H13f.TEL → PI → EI0.029***0.041[0.021, 0.019]Supported
Direct effect
TLE → EI0.0920.463[0.064, 0.052]<0.554
Note(s):

The PROCESS path TLE → EI indicates the total effect, while the other TLE → EI reflects the direct effect Appendix 4. Both effects were non-significant, confirming that H5 is not supported in either the structural or mediation model. p < 0.553. p< 0.100, *p< 0.050, **p< 0.010, ***p< 0.001

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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