Items used in this study
| Construct and adaptation of | Items (7-point Likert scale, totally disagree 1 – totally agree 7) |
|---|---|
| Knowledge-Oriented leadership | K-OL_1. The adopted management style has fostered an environment that encourages responsible behavior, teamwork and the sharing of knowledge |
| (Donate and Sánchez de Pablo (2015) | K-OL_2. The account primarily focuses on promoting openness to new ideas, tolerance for mistakes and effective mediation |
| K-OL_3. The account is noted for encouraging experiential learning and allowing for mistakes within reasonable limits | |
| K-OL_4. The influencer acts as a knowledge advisor, offering valuable content | |
| K-OL_5. The management approach used by the influencer supports the acquisition of external knowledge and enhances communication among followers | |
| K-OL_6. Influencers reward followers who share and apply their knowledge (content) | |
| Opinion leadership | OL_1. This social media account serves as a role model for others |
| (Casaló et al., 2020) and (Thakur et al., 2016) | OL_2. This social media account is one step ahead of the others |
| OL_3. This social media account offers interesting photos (or content) that suggest new ideas on a specific topic (fashion, gastronomy, entertainment… etc.) | |
| OL_4. This social media account influences people’s opinions on a specific topic (fashion, gastronomy, entertainment…, etc.) | |
| OL_5. This social media account is used by people as a source of information | |
| Content attributes | CA_1. My content is fun/entertaining |
| (Farivar et al., 2022) | CA_2. My content is unique |
| CA_3. My content is original | |
| CA_4. My content is informative | |
| CA_5. My content is of high quality | |
| Personal attributes | PA_1. My physical attractiveness |
| (Farivar et al., 2022) and (Lee and Watkins, 2016) | PA_2. Reliability of information and content |
| PA_3. Social appeal | |
| PA_4. My experience as an influencer | |
| PA_5. Personal presence (at events, contests, programs…) | |
| PA_6. My prestige as an influencer | |
| Dedication | D_1. My professional dedication is solely to social media |
| (Narver et al., 2004) y (Dwidienawati et al., 2020) | D_2. To me, being an influencer is entertainment and not a job |
| D_3. I dedicate a large part of my day to working on my content | |
| D_4. I allocate a large part of my income to improving my networks (e.g. buying better video cameras, computers and image) | |
| D_5. My income in the last year has increased thanks to social media | |
| Performance on social media (PSM) | PSM_1. Likes: The number of likes from my followers has increased in the last year |
| (Wies et al., 2023) | PSM_2. Comments: The number of comments from my followers has increased in the last year |
| PSM_3. Mentions: The number of times users were tagged by other users in comments on one of my posts has increased in the last year | |
| PSM_4. Stories: The number of times users clicked on a link embedded in a story to be directed to my website has increased in the last year | |
| PSM_5. Followers: My number of followers has increased in the last year |
| Construct and adaptation of | Items (7-point Likert scale, totally disagree 1 – totally agree 7) |
|---|---|
| Knowledge-Oriented leadership | K-OL_1. The adopted management style has fostered an environment that encourages responsible behavior, teamwork and the sharing of knowledge |
| ( | K-OL_2. The account primarily focuses on promoting openness to new ideas, tolerance for mistakes and effective mediation |
| K-OL_3. The account is noted for encouraging experiential learning and allowing for mistakes within reasonable limits | |
| K-OL_4. The influencer acts as a knowledge advisor, offering valuable content | |
| K-OL_5. The management approach used by the influencer supports the acquisition of external knowledge and enhances communication among followers | |
| K-OL_6. Influencers reward followers who share and apply their knowledge (content) | |
| Opinion leadership | OL_1. This social media account serves as a role model for others |
| ( | OL_2. This social media account is one step ahead of the others |
| OL_3. This social media account offers interesting photos (or content) that suggest new ideas on a specific topic (fashion, gastronomy, entertainment… etc.) | |
| OL_4. This social media account influences people’s opinions on a specific topic (fashion, gastronomy, entertainment…, etc.) | |
| OL_5. This social media account is used by people as a source of information | |
| Content attributes | CA_1. My content is fun/entertaining |
| ( | CA_2. My content is unique |
| CA_3. My content is original | |
| CA_4. My content is informative | |
| CA_5. My content is of high quality | |
| Personal attributes | PA_1. My physical attractiveness |
| ( | PA_2. Reliability of information and content |
| PA_3. Social appeal | |
| PA_4. My experience as an influencer | |
| PA_5. Personal presence (at events, contests, programs…) | |
| PA_6. My prestige as an influencer | |
| Dedication | D_1. My professional dedication is solely to social media |
| ( | D_2. To me, being an influencer is entertainment and not a job |
| D_3. I dedicate a large part of my day to working on my content | |
| D_4. I allocate a large part of my income to improving my networks (e.g. buying better video cameras, computers and image) | |
| D_5. My income in the last year has increased thanks to social media | |
| Performance on social media ( | PSM_1. Likes: The number of likes from my followers has increased in the last year |
| ( | PSM_2. Comments: The number of comments from my followers has increased in the last year |
| PSM_3. Mentions: The number of times users were tagged by other users in comments on one of my posts has increased in the last year | |
| PSM_4. Stories: The number of times users clicked on a link embedded in a story to be directed to my website has increased in the last year | |
| PSM_5. Followers: My number of followers has increased in the last year |
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