Regression – RQ3
| Sales growth | Profitability | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interaction with RQ1 | Interaction with RQ2 | Interaction with RQ1 | Interaction with RQ2 | |||||
| Estimate | p-value | Estimate | p-value | Estimate | p-value | Estimate | p-value | |
| UNGC | −0.035 | 0.183 | −0.008 | 0.224 | ||||
| KYOTO | 0.039 | 0.269 | −0.006 | 0.196 | ||||
| OHSAS18001 | −0.000 | 0.972 | 0.021 | 0.205 | 0.022 | 0.000 | 0.031 | 0.000 |
| UNGC_ OHSAS18001 | 0.023 | 0.502 | 0.008 | 0.329 | ||||
| OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | 0.069 | 0.047 | 0.006 | 0.054 | ||||
| UNGC_ OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | 0.026 | 0.534 | 0.010 | 0.030 | ||||
| EQI_UNGC | −0.053 | 0.207 | −0.004 | 0.583 | ||||
| EQI_KYOTO | 0.052 | 0.041 | 0.005 | 0.048 | ||||
| EQI_OHSAS18001 | −0.005 | 0.805 | 0.020 | 0.496 | 0.002 | 0.543 | 0.014 | 0.105 |
| EQI_UNGC_ OHSAS18001 | 0.015 | 0.731 | −0.017 | 0.204 | ||||
| EQI_ OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | 0.089 | 0.059 | −0.022 | 0.139 | ||||
| EQI_UNGC_ OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | 0.012 | 0.747 | −0.005 | 0.514 | ||||
| EQI | 0.006 | 0.736 | −0.018 | 0.424 | 0.002 | 0.521 | 0.002 | 0.615 |
| Firm size | −0.001 | 0.695 | −0.003 | 0.330 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Leverage | −0.028 | 0.278 | −0.025 | 0.353 | 0.009 | 0.393 | 0.009 | 0.361 |
| Env_Dyn | 0.004 | 0.396 | 0.005 | 0.312 | 0.002 | 0.484 | 0.001 | 0.607 |
| Mkt_share | 0.220 | 0.092 | 0.238 | 0.074 | −0.025 | 0.006 | −0.019 | 0.010 |
| Mtb | 0.170 | 0.059 | 0.159 | 0.099 | 0.025 | 0.454 | 0.078 | 0.553 |
| Intercept | 0.100 | 0.227 | 0.282 | 0.046 | −0.071 | 0.002 | −0.085 | 0.000 |
| Year fixed effects | included | Included | Included | Included | ||||
| Industry fixed effects | included | Included | Included | Included | ||||
| Mean VIF | 4.15 | 3.90 | 4.15 | 3.90 | ||||
| Max VIF | 4.70 | 4.84 | 4.70 | 4.79 | ||||
| Adj. R2 | 0.107 | 0.109 | 0.242 | 0.213 | ||||
| N | 517 | 517 | 517 | 517 | ||||
| Sales growth | Profitability | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interaction with | Interaction with | Interaction with | Interaction with | |||||
| Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | |||||
| UNGC | −0.035 | 0.183 | −0.008 | 0.224 | ||||
| KYOTO | 0.039 | 0.269 | −0.006 | 0.196 | ||||
| OHSAS18001 | −0.000 | 0.972 | 0.021 | 0.205 | ||||
| UNGC_ OHSAS18001 | 0.023 | 0.502 | 0.008 | 0.329 | ||||
| OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | ||||||||
| UNGC_ OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | 0.026 | 0.534 | ||||||
| EQI_UNGC | −0.053 | 0.207 | −0.004 | 0.583 | ||||
| EQI_KYOTO | ||||||||
| EQI_OHSAS18001 | −0.005 | 0.805 | 0.020 | 0.496 | 0.002 | 0.543 | 0.014 | 0.105 |
| EQI_UNGC_ OHSAS18001 | 0.015 | 0.731 | −0.017 | 0.204 | ||||
| EQI_ OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | −0.022 | 0.139 | ||||||
| EQI_UNGC_ OHSAS18001_ KYOTO | 0.012 | 0.747 | −0.005 | 0.514 | ||||
| EQI | 0.006 | 0.736 | −0.018 | 0.424 | 0.002 | 0.521 | 0.002 | 0.615 |
| Firm size | −0.001 | 0.695 | −0.003 | 0.330 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Leverage | −0.028 | 0.278 | −0.025 | 0.353 | 0.009 | 0.393 | 0.009 | 0.361 |
| Env_Dyn | 0.004 | 0.396 | 0.005 | 0.312 | 0.002 | 0.484 | 0.001 | 0.607 |
| Mkt_share | 0.220 | 0.092 | 0.238 | 0.074 | −0.025 | 0.006 | −0.019 | 0.010 |
| Mtb | 0.170 | 0.059 | 0.159 | 0.099 | 0.025 | 0.454 | 0.078 | 0.553 |
| Intercept | 0.100 | 0.227 | 0.282 | 0.046 | −0.071 | 0.002 | −0.085 | 0.000 |
| Year fixed effects | included | Included | Included | Included | ||||
| Industry fixed effects | included | Included | Included | Included | ||||
| Mean VIF | 4.15 | 3.90 | 4.15 | 3.90 | ||||
| Max VIF | 4.70 | 4.84 | 4.70 | 4.79 | ||||
| Adj. | 0.107 | 0.109 | 0.242 | 0.213 | ||||
| 517 | 517 | 517 | 517 | |||||
Note(s): P-values are two-tailed and robust to heteroscedasticity
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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