Table 2. Comparison of cluster...

Table 2.

Comparison of cluster characteristics

Variable	Cluster A: goal-driven farmers	Cluster B: non-entrepreneurial farmers	Cluster C: means-driven farmers	Cluster D: ambidextrous farmers	F/Chi-statistic
Cluster size (N = 423)	104	139	91	89
Entrepreneurial behaviour
Causation	34.13 (2.71)^abc	13.94 (1.41)^bad	14.10 (2.16)^cad	37.07 (2.40)^dbc	3021.62***
Effectuation	13.88 (1.43)^acd	13.87 (1.32)^bcd	34.60 (1.96)^cab	34.61 (2.17)^dab	3021.62***
Affordable loss	3.96 (0.84)^abcd	3.71 (0.74)^bacd	8.04 (1.06)^cabd	9.15 (0.89)^dabc	592.16***
Experimentation	5.77 (1.29)^acd	5.91 (1.32)^bcd	18.85 (2.10)^cabd	17.48 (2.83)^dabc	1452.42***
Flexibility	4.15 (1.00)^acd	4.26 (1.07)^bcd	7.71 (1.06)^cab	7.98 (0.89)^dab	7.98***
Socio-economic characteristics
Sex of the farmer
Female	43.19	62.59	57.14	46.07
Male	54.81	37.41	42.86	53.93	11.352**
Farm location
Masvingo Ward 23	23.4	14.3	19.5	42.9
Zaka Ward 2	23.0	41.9	16.2	18.9
Zaka Ward 1	19.6	17.6	29.4	33.3
Zaka Ward 15	41.7	30.6	12.5	15.3
Masvingo Ward 13	28.1	40.6	25.0	6.3
Bikita Ward 10	19.6	17.6	29.4	33.3
Gutu Ward 13	15.2	63.6	15.2	6.1	98.724***
Total land size (ha)	2.83 (1.46)^ad	2.63 (1.41)^bd	2.99 (3.32)^cb	3.35 (1.64)^db	2.646**
Land under business use (ha)	0.86 (0.48)	0.72 (0.41)^bd	0.76 (0.43)	0.88 (0.49)^db	3.131**
Distance to the market (km)	6.61 (3.51)^ad	7.12 (3.38)^bd	6.34 (3.27)^cd	4.27 (3.70)^dabc	64.241**
Friends owning farm business	2.11 (1.70)^abc	1.35 (1.48)^ba	2.60 (1.22)^ca	3.19 (1.47)	5.523***
Age of the farmer	58.06 (10.39)^abd	54.54 (10.92)^bac	58.81 (11.14)^cbd	53.72 (11.53)^dac	2.646**
Education level: less than secondary	42.0	64.75	42.64	41.57
More than secondary	58.0	35.25	57.36	58.43	21.992***

Variable	Cluster A: goal-driven farmers	Cluster B: non-entrepreneurial farmers	Cluster C: means-driven farmers	Cluster D: ambidextrous farmers	F/Chi-statistic
Cluster size (N = 423)	104	139	91	89
Entrepreneurial behaviour
Causation	34.13 (2.71)^abc	13.94 (1.41)^bad	14.10 (2.16)^cad	37.07 (2.40)^dbc	3021.62***
Effectuation	13.88 (1.43)^acd	13.87 (1.32)^bcd	34.60 (1.96)^cab	34.61 (2.17)^dab	3021.62***
Affordable loss	3.96 (0.84)^abcd	3.71 (0.74)^bacd	8.04 (1.06)^cabd	9.15 (0.89)^dabc	592.16***
Experimentation	5.77 (1.29)^acd	5.91 (1.32)^bcd	18.85 (2.10)^cabd	17.48 (2.83)^dabc	1452.42***
Flexibility	4.15 (1.00)^acd	4.26 (1.07)^bcd	7.71 (1.06)^cab	7.98 (0.89)^dab	7.98***
Socio-economic characteristics
Sex of the farmer
Female	43.19	62.59	57.14	46.07
Male	54.81	37.41	42.86	53.93	11.352**
Farm location
Masvingo Ward 23	23.4	14.3	19.5	42.9
Zaka Ward 2	23.0	41.9	16.2	18.9
Zaka Ward 1	19.6	17.6	29.4	33.3
Zaka Ward 15	41.7	30.6	12.5	15.3
Masvingo Ward 13	28.1	40.6	25.0	6.3
Bikita Ward 10	19.6	17.6	29.4	33.3
Gutu Ward 13	15.2	63.6	15.2	6.1	98.724***
Total land size (ha)	2.83 (1.46)^ad	2.63 (1.41)^bd	2.99 (3.32)^cb	3.35 (1.64)^db	2.646**
Land under business use (ha)	0.86 (0.48)	0.72 (0.41)^bd	0.76 (0.43)	0.88 (0.49)^db	3.131**
Distance to the market (km)	6.61 (3.51)^ad	7.12 (3.38)^bd	6.34 (3.27)^cd	4.27 (3.70)^dabc	64.241**
Friends owning farm business	2.11 (1.70)^abc	1.35 (1.48)^ba	2.60 (1.22)^ca	3.19 (1.47)	5.523***
Age of the farmer	58.06 (10.39)^abd	54.54 (10.92)^bac	58.81 (11.14)^cbd	53.72 (11.53)^dac	2.646**
Education level: less than secondary	42.0	64.75	42.64	41.57
More than secondary	58.0	35.25	57.36	58.43	21.992***

Notes:

Values are mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables. Percentage distribution is reported for categorical variables. One-way ANOVA F values reported for continuous variable. ^abcdScheffe post hoc is reported for entrepreneurial behaviours. Chi-square value reported for categorical variables. Within row, values marked with the same superscript letter are statistically different. *, *** denotes statistical significance at 1 and 10% levels, respectively

Source: Authors’ own work

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable