Table 1

Sub-items of participation rungs

QuestionsPercentage
Sub-item 1.- Arnstein’s ladder Rung 5 “Placation” 100.00
1. Allows online citizens to participate in consultations (opinion)?Online 
a. By participation platform0/133.33
b. By social networks∑ b.1. + b.2 + b.333.33
b.1 Facebook0/111.11
b.2 Twitter0/111.11
b.3 Blogs0/111.11
c. Apps0/133.33
Sub-item 2.- Arnstein’s ladder Rung 6 “Partnership” 100.00
2. Are citizens allowed to participate to the municipal plenary sessions?Offline 
a. In person offline0/150.00
b. Through assemblies, district meetings, associations, etc. offline0/150.00
Sub-item 3.- Arnstein’s ladder Rung 7 “Delegated power” 100.00
3. Are citizens allowed to participate to the municipal plenary sessions online?Online 
a. By participation platform0/133.00
b. By social networks∑ b.1. + b.2 + b.333.00
b.1 Facebook0/111.11
b.2 Twitter0/111.11
b.3 Blogs0/111.11
c. Apps0/133.00
Sub-item 4.- Arnstein’s ladder Rung 8 “Citizen control” 100.00
4. Are online discussions held?Online 
a. By participation platform0/133.00
b. By social networks∑ b.1. + b.2 + b.333.00
b.1 Facebook0/111.11
b.2 Twitter0/111.11
b.3 Blogs0/111.11
c. By Apps0/133.00
TOTAL∑ Sub-items 1,2,3 and 4 divided by 4

Source(s): Authors' own elaboration

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