Table 2 Definition of variables...

Table 2

Definition of variables

Variables	Acronym	Description	Calculation
Dependent variables
Placation Rung	%R5	Consultation Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 1 in Table 1
Partnership Rung	%R6	Partnership Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 2 in Table 1
Delegated Power Rung	%R7	Delegated Power Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 3 in Table 1
Citizen Control Rung	%R8	Collaboration Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 4 in Table 1
Independent variables
Population size	POP	^aPopulation residing in the Region	Number of inhabitants residing in the Region
Population Density	PDEN	^aPopulation residing in the municipality per km²	Population divided by km²
Population Age	%Age_1830	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 18 to 30 years old	Number of inhabitants from 18 to 30 years old/total population
	%Age_3140	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 31 to 40 years old	Number of inhabitants from 31 to 40 years old/total population
	%Age_4150	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 41 to 50 years old	Number of inhabitants from 41 to 50 years old/total population
	%Age_5164	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 51 to 64 years old	Number of inhabitants from 51 to 64 years old/total population
	%Age+64	^aPercentage of inhabitants more 64 years old	Number of inhabitants more 64 years old/total population
Smart City	SC	^cMunicipalities that are Smart Cities	0 = No Smart City 1 = Smart City
Electoral Participation	ELEP	^bPercentage of participation in elections	Percentage of participation in the last municipal’s elections
Education Level	%SEC	^aNumber of inhabitant with secondary studies	Number of inhabitants with secondary studies/total population
Education Level	%SUP	^aNumber of inhabitant with university studies	Number of inhabitants with university studies/total population
Gender	%GEN	^aNumber of female inhabitants	Number of female inhabitants/total population
Immigrant population	%IMMI	^aNumber of immigrant inhabitants	Number of immigrant inhabitants/total population
Civil Status of population	%SING	^aNumber of single inhabitants	Number of single inhabitants/total population
	%MARR	^aNumber of married inhabitants	Number of married inhabitants/total population
	%WIDOW	^aNumber of widowed inhabitants	Number of widowed inhabitants/total population
	%SEPA	^aNumber of separated inhabitants	Number of single inhabitants/total population

Variables	Acronym	Description	Calculation
Dependent variables
Placation Rung	%R5	Consultation Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 1 in Table 1
Partnership Rung	%R6	Partnership Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 2 in Table 1
Delegated Power Rung	%R7	Delegated Power Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 3 in Table 1
Citizen Control Rung	%R8	Collaboration Rung by Arnstein’s Ladder	Sub-item 4 in Table 1
Independent variables
Population size	POP	^aPopulation residing in the Region	Number of inhabitants residing in the Region
Population Density	PDEN	^aPopulation residing in the municipality per km²	Population divided by km²
Population Age	%Age_1830	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 18 to 30 years old	Number of inhabitants from 18 to 30 years old/total population
	%Age_3140	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 31 to 40 years old	Number of inhabitants from 31 to 40 years old/total population
	%Age_4150	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 41 to 50 years old	Number of inhabitants from 41 to 50 years old/total population
	%Age_5164	^aPercentage of inhabitants from 51 to 64 years old	Number of inhabitants from 51 to 64 years old/total population
	%Age+64	^aPercentage of inhabitants more 64 years old	Number of inhabitants more 64 years old/total population
Smart City	SC	^cMunicipalities that are Smart Cities	0 = No Smart City1 = Smart City
Electoral Participation	ELEP	^bPercentage of participation in elections	Percentage of participation in the last municipal’s elections
Education Level	%SEC	^aNumber of inhabitant with secondary studies	Number of inhabitants with secondary studies/total population
Education Level	%SUP	^aNumber of inhabitant with university studies	Number of inhabitants with university studies/total population
Gender	%GEN	^aNumber of female inhabitants	Number of female inhabitants/total population
Immigrant population	%IMMI	^aNumber of immigrant inhabitants	Number of immigrant inhabitants/total population
Civil Status of population	%SING	^aNumber of single inhabitants	Number of single inhabitants/total population
	%MARR	^aNumber of married inhabitants	Number of married inhabitants/total population
	%WIDOW	^aNumber of widowed inhabitants	Number of widowed inhabitants/total population
	%SEPA	^aNumber of separated inhabitants	Number of single inhabitants/total population

Note(s): ^aINE (Statistic Institute of Spain) www.ine.es; ^bMinistry of Interior (http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/); ^cIESE Business School (http://citiesinmotion.iese.edu/indicecim/) and Eurocities (http://members.eurocities.eu/eurocities/members/membersmap)

We have collected all variables in March and April 2022

Source(s): Authors' own elaboration

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