Table 3 Model estimates for ecosystem...

Table 3

Model estimates for ecosystem subdimensions (Random effects) – dependent variable: number of units

Dimension	Subdimension	Model III. Full sample				Model IV. Exclusion of São Paulo
		Poisson		Negative binomial		Poisson		Negative binomial
		Coefficient	Std. error	Coefficient	Std. error	Coefficient	Std. error	Coefficient	Std. error
Entrepreneurial Capital	Education	0.067	0.122	0.126	0.140	0.174	0.135	0.253	0.161
	Entrepreneurial Education	−0.048	0.032	−0.042	0.036	−0.119***	0.049	−0.120**	0.056
	Business Conditions	−0.326***	0.099	−0.019	0.107	−0.012	0.125	0.121	0.136
Business Fabric	Business Networks	0.029	0.114	0.143	0.122	0.746***	0.155	0.594***	0.167
Business Fabric	Solidarity Values	−0.107	0.157	1.049***	0.206	−0.293*	0.170	0.592**	0.250
Governance for Development	Articulation	0.013	0.039	−0.006	0.042	−0.041	0.061	−0.028	0.066
	Participation and Social Control	0.021	0.067	0.009	0.075	0.236***	0.082	0.193**	0.093
	Fiscal Management	0.067	0.069	0.028	0.078	−0.078	0.080	−0.054	0.092
	Planning	0.001	0.025	0.056**	0.028	−0.024	0.029	0.043	0.034
Productive Organization	Productive Structure	−0.757***	0.109	−0.514***	0.119	−1.306***	0.143	−0.952***	0.162
	Consumption and Credit Potential	1.055***	0.112	0.871***	0.124	0.696***	0.136	0.585***	0.152
	Sanitation	−0.011	0.032	0.05	0.036	−0.036	0.040	0.038	0.046
	Innovation	0.278***	0.046	0.198***	0.052	1.066***	0.107	0.842***	0.124
	Environmental Impact	0.262***	0.121	0.514***	0.143	0.221	0.149	0.536***	0.183
Competitive Insertion	International Trade	0.021	0.072	−0.079	0.073	0.048	0.080	−0.026	0.084
	Tourism and Creative Economy	0.221***	0.091	0.246***	0.092	0.461***	0.110	0.420***	0.113
	Connectivity	0.191***	0.076	0.03	0.084	0.660***	0.103	0.474***	0.120
	Complexity	−0.429**	0.203	−0.023	0.211	−0.609***	0.237	−0.22	0.258
Controls	Log Population	0.711***	0.046	0.856***	0.043	0.688***	0.052	0.822***	0.051
	Log GDP	0.050	0.037	0.133***	0.035	−0.026	0.041	0.081**	0.041
	Dummy North Region	0.276*	0.151	−0.044	0.121	0.215	0.152	−0.012	0.131
	Dummy Southeast Region	0.400***	0.106	0.210**	0.083	0.152	0.116	0.033	0.095
	Dummy Northeast Region	0.874***	0.127	0.189*	0.100	0.611***	0.129	0.141	0.111
	Dummy South Region	0.111	0.116	−0.015	0.091	0.007	0.119	−0.039	0.098
	_cons	−6.947***	0.295	−9.633***	0.345	−5.498***	0.330	−8.256***	0.429
	N	4,782		4,782		3,726		3,726
	Wald chi sq.	2366.20***		3792.67***		1569.38***		2283.81***
	AIC	20948.08		20298.82		15914.93		15488.29
	BIC	21116.37		20473.58		16076.73		15656.31
	Likelihood ratio test of alpha (overdispersion)	1.8e+04***				1.5e+04***

Dimension	Subdimension	Model III. Full sample				Model IV. Exclusion of São Paulo
		Poisson		Negative binomial		Poisson		Negative binomial
		Coefficient	Std. error	Coefficient	Std. error	Coefficient	Std. error	Coefficient	Std. error
Entrepreneurial Capital	Education	0.067	0.122	0.126	0.140	0.174	0.135	0.253	0.161
	Entrepreneurial Education	−0.048	0.032	−0.042	0.036	−0.119***	0.049	−0.120**	0.056
	Business Conditions	−0.326***	0.099	−0.019	0.107	−0.012	0.125	0.121	0.136
Business Fabric	Business Networks	0.029	0.114	0.143	0.122	0.746***	0.155	0.594***	0.167
Business Fabric	Solidarity Values	−0.107	0.157	1.049***	0.206	−0.293*	0.170	0.592**	0.250
Governance for Development	Articulation	0.013	0.039	−0.006	0.042	−0.041	0.061	−0.028	0.066
	Participation and Social Control	0.021	0.067	0.009	0.075	0.236***	0.082	0.193**	0.093
	Fiscal Management	0.067	0.069	0.028	0.078	−0.078	0.080	−0.054	0.092
	Planning	0.001	0.025	0.056**	0.028	−0.024	0.029	0.043	0.034
Productive Organization	Productive Structure	−0.757***	0.109	−0.514***	0.119	−1.306***	0.143	−0.952***	0.162
	Consumption and Credit Potential	1.055***	0.112	0.871***	0.124	0.696***	0.136	0.585***	0.152
	Sanitation	−0.011	0.032	0.05	0.036	−0.036	0.040	0.038	0.046
	Innovation	0.278***	0.046	0.198***	0.052	1.066***	0.107	0.842***	0.124
	Environmental Impact	0.262***	0.121	0.514***	0.143	0.221	0.149	0.536***	0.183
Competitive Insertion	International Trade	0.021	0.072	−0.079	0.073	0.048	0.080	−0.026	0.084
	Tourism and Creative Economy	0.221***	0.091	0.246***	0.092	0.461***	0.110	0.420***	0.113
	Connectivity	0.191***	0.076	0.03	0.084	0.660***	0.103	0.474***	0.120
	Complexity	−0.429**	0.203	−0.023	0.211	−0.609***	0.237	−0.22	0.258
Controls	Log Population	0.711***	0.046	0.856***	0.043	0.688***	0.052	0.822***	0.051
	Log GDP	0.050	0.037	0.133***	0.035	−0.026	0.041	0.081**	0.041
	Dummy North Region	0.276*	0.151	−0.044	0.121	0.215	0.152	−0.012	0.131
	Dummy Southeast Region	0.400***	0.106	0.210**	0.083	0.152	0.116	0.033	0.095
	Dummy Northeast Region	0.874***	0.127	0.189*	0.100	0.611***	0.129	0.141	0.111
	Dummy South Region	0.111	0.116	−0.015	0.091	0.007	0.119	−0.039	0.098
	_cons	−6.947***	0.295	−9.633***	0.345	−5.498***	0.330	−8.256***	0.429
	N	4,782		4,782		3,726		3,726
	Wald chi sq.	2366.20***		3792.67***		1569.38***		2283.81***
	AIC	20948.08		20298.82		15914.93		15488.29
	BIC	21116.37		20473.58		16076.73		15656.31
	Likelihood ratio test of alpha (overdispersion)	1.8e+04***				1.5e+04***

Note(s): ***sig. 1%; ** sig. 5%; *sig. 10%. For regional dummies, the Central-West region is the reference category (omitted)

Source(s): The authors

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