Table 8 The impact of ESG on BGD in... | Emerald Publishing

Table 8

The impact of ESG on BGD in cases of Entire period, Voluntary and Mandatory ESG reporting

	Entire period		Voluntary		Mandatory
	Coef.	p-value	Coef.	p-value	Coef.	p-value
BGD	−0.224*	0.051	−0.122	0.371	−0.448**	0.029
AGE	0.369*	0.052	0.296	0.072	1.922	0.100
TLTA	1.771	0.165	3.443	0.352	1.556	0.761
LTA	1.888	0.293	1.383	0.488	6.273	0.496
Prob > chi²	0.000		0.0322		0.000

	Entire period		Voluntary		Mandatory
	Coef.	p-value	Coef.	p-value	Coef.	p-value
BGD	−0.224*	0.051	−0.122	0.371	−0.448**	0.029
AGE	0.369*	0.052	0.296	0.072	1.922	0.100
TLTA	1.771	0.165	3.443	0.352	1.556	0.761
LTA	1.888	0.293	1.383	0.488	6.273	0.496
Prob > chi²	0.000		0.0322		0.000

Note(s): **Significant at the 5% level; *Significant at the 10% level;

N (firm-years) = 560

Source(s): The table is developed by the authors