Correlation analysis
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | StdROA | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | StdTobinq | 0.306*** | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | ESGs | −0.131*** | −0.161*** | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | ENPs | −0.112*** | −0.180*** | 0.851*** | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| 5 | SOPs | −0.101*** | −0.102*** | 0.892*** | 0.715*** | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | GOPs | −0.084*** | −0.126*** | 0.688*** | 0.399*** | 0.410*** | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| 7 | ESGs-ind | −0.122*** | −0.143*** | 0.986*** | 0.826*** | 0.886*** | 0.677*** | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 8 | ENPs-ind | −0.140*** | −0.160*** | 0.829*** | 0.920*** | 0.724*** | 0.373*** | 0.853*** | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 9 | SOPs-ind | −0.078*** | −0.098*** | 0.884*** | 0.719*** | 0.986*** | 0.411*** | 0.893*** | 0.725*** | 1 | |||||||||||
| 10 | GOPs-ind | −0.076*** | −0.100*** | 0.679*** | 0.380*** | 0.411*** | 0.987*** | 0.687*** | 0.390*** | 0.416*** | 1 | ||||||||||
| 11 | Bsize | −0.187*** | −0.205*** | 0.271*** | 0.304*** | 0.231*** | 0.089*** | 0.267*** | 0.297*** | 0.240*** | 0.075*** | 1 | |||||||||
| 12 | Bgdiversity | −0.062*** | −0.005 | 0.283*** | 0.169*** | 0.291*** | 0.215*** | 0.272*** | 0.190*** | 0.256*** | 0.221*** | 0.021*** | 1 | ||||||||
| 13 | Bindependence | 0.031*** | 0.016*** | 0.157*** | 0.014*** | 0.213*** | 0.150*** | 0.157*** | 0.033*** | 0.208*** | 0.144*** | −0.013*** | 0.307*** | 1 | |||||||
| 14 | CEOpow | −0.002 | 0.006 | −0.032*** | −0.016*** | 0.006 | −0.087*** | −0.023*** | −0.013*** | 0.016*** | −0.079*** | 0.054*** | −0.027*** | −0.020*** | 1 | ||||||
| 15 | Fsize | −0.322*** | −0.391*** | 0.456*** | 0.438*** | 0.375*** | 0.283*** | 0.455*** | 0.476*** | 0.377*** | 0.261*** | 0.515*** | 0.052*** | 0.042*** | 0.065*** | 1 | |||||
| 16 | ROA | −0.113*** | 0.047*** | 0.085*** | 0.088*** | 0.055*** | 0.068*** | 0.070*** | 0.033*** | 0.064*** | 0.052*** | 0.028*** | 0.027*** | −0.011** | 0.033*** | 0.054*** | 1 | ||||
| 17 | Leverage | −0.063*** | −0.124*** | 0.045*** | 0.065*** | 0.060*** | 0.022*** | 0.027*** | 0.020*** | 0.057*** | 0.004 | 0.029*** | 0.034*** | 0.050*** | 0.030*** | 0.105*** | −0.131*** | 1 | |||
| 18 | Currentr | 0.224*** | 0.274*** | −0.186*** | −0.180*** | −0.139*** | −0.131*** | −0.165*** | −0.143*** | −0.135*** | −0.104*** | −0.200*** | −0.073*** | −0.049*** | −0.009** | −0.342*** | −0.091*** | −0.282*** | 1 | ||
| 19 | RDintensity | 0.139*** | 0.240*** | −0.077*** | −0.103*** | −0.023*** | −0.066*** | −0.046*** | −0.034*** | −0.023*** | −0.033*** | −0.103*** | −0.013*** | 0.011*** | −0.003 | −0.219*** | −0.352*** | −0.097*** | 0.299*** | 1 | |
| 20 | FFP | 0.008* | −0.009** | 0.096*** | 0.008* | 0.092*** | 0.145*** | 0.117*** | 0.051*** | 0.100*** | 0.163*** | −0.061*** | 0.123*** | 0.073*** | 0.130*** | −0.008* | −0.053*** | 0.012*** | 0.031*** | 0.039*** | 1 |
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | StdROA | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | StdTobinq | 0.306 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | ESGs | −0.131 | −0.161 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4 | ENPs | −0.112 | −0.180 | 0.851 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| 5 | SOPs | −0.101 | −0.102 | 0.892 | 0.715 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | GOPs | −0.084 | −0.126 | 0.688 | 0.399 | 0.410 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| 7 | ESGs-ind | −0.122 | −0.143 | 0.986 | 0.826 | 0.886 | 0.677 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 8 | ENPs-ind | −0.140 | −0.160 | 0.829 | 0.920 | 0.724 | 0.373 | 0.853 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 9 | SOPs-ind | −0.078 | −0.098 | 0.884 | 0.719 | 0.986 | 0.411 | 0.893 | 0.725 | 1 | |||||||||||
| 10 | GOPs-ind | −0.076 | −0.100 | 0.679 | 0.380 | 0.411 | 0.987 | 0.687 | 0.390 | 0.416 | 1 | ||||||||||
| 11 | Bsize | −0.187 | −0.205 | 0.271 | 0.304 | 0.231 | 0.089 | 0.267 | 0.297 | 0.240 | 0.075 | 1 | |||||||||
| 12 | Bgdiversity | −0.062 | −0.005 | 0.283 | 0.169 | 0.291 | 0.215 | 0.272 | 0.190 | 0.256 | 0.221 | 0.021 | 1 | ||||||||
| 13 | Bindependence | 0.031 | 0.016 | 0.157 | 0.014 | 0.213 | 0.150 | 0.157 | 0.033 | 0.208 | 0.144 | −0.013 | 0.307 | 1 | |||||||
| 14 | CEOpow | −0.002 | 0.006 | −0.032 | −0.016 | 0.006 | −0.087 | −0.023 | −0.013 | 0.016 | −0.079 | 0.054 | −0.027 | −0.020 | 1 | ||||||
| 15 | Fsize | −0.322 | −0.391 | 0.456 | 0.438 | 0.375 | 0.283 | 0.455 | 0.476 | 0.377 | 0.261 | 0.515 | 0.052 | 0.042 | 0.065 | 1 | |||||
| 16 | ROA | −0.113 | 0.047 | 0.085 | 0.088 | 0.055 | 0.068 | 0.070 | 0.033 | 0.064 | 0.052 | 0.028 | 0.027 | −0.011 | 0.033 | 0.054 | 1 | ||||
| 17 | Leverage | −0.063 | −0.124 | 0.045 | 0.065 | 0.060 | 0.022 | 0.027 | 0.020 | 0.057 | 0.004 | 0.029 | 0.034 | 0.050 | 0.030 | 0.105 | −0.131 | 1 | |||
| 18 | Currentr | 0.224 | 0.274 | −0.186 | −0.180 | −0.139 | −0.131 | −0.165 | −0.143 | −0.135 | −0.104 | −0.200 | −0.073 | −0.049 | −0.009 | −0.342 | −0.091 | −0.282 | 1 | ||
| 19 | RDintensity | 0.139 | 0.240 | −0.077 | −0.103 | −0.023 | −0.066 | −0.046 | −0.034 | −0.023 | −0.033 | −0.103 | −0.013 | 0.011 | −0.003 | −0.219 | −0.352 | −0.097 | 0.299 | 1 | |
| 20 | FFP | 0.008 | −0.009 | 0.096 | 0.008 | 0.092 | 0.145 | 0.117 | 0.051 | 0.100 | 0.163 | −0.061 | 0.123 | 0.073 | 0.130 | −0.008 | −0.053 | 0.012 | 0.031 | 0.039 | 1 |
Note(s): ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
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