Table 3

Correlation analysis

 Variables1234567891011121314151617181920
1StdROA1                   
2StdTobinq0.306***1                  
3ESGs−0.131***−0.161***1                 
4ENPs−0.112***−0.180***0.851***1                
5SOPs−0.101***−0.102***0.892***0.715***1               
6GOPs−0.084***−0.126***0.688***0.399***0.410***1              
7ESGs-ind−0.122***−0.143***0.986***0.826***0.886***0.677***1             
8ENPs-ind−0.140***−0.160***0.829***0.920***0.724***0.373***0.853***1            
9SOPs-ind−0.078***−0.098***0.884***0.719***0.986***0.411***0.893***0.725***1           
10GOPs-ind−0.076***−0.100***0.679***0.380***0.411***0.987***0.687***0.390***0.416***1          
11Bsize−0.187***−0.205***0.271***0.304***0.231***0.089***0.267***0.297***0.240***0.075***1         
12Bgdiversity−0.062***−0.0050.283***0.169***0.291***0.215***0.272***0.190***0.256***0.221***0.021***1        
13Bindependence0.031***0.016***0.157***0.014***0.213***0.150***0.157***0.033***0.208***0.144***−0.013***0.307***1       
14CEOpow−0.0020.006−0.032***−0.016***0.006−0.087***−0.023***−0.013***0.016***−0.079***0.054***−0.027***−0.020***1      
15Fsize−0.322***−0.391***0.456***0.438***0.375***0.283***0.455***0.476***0.377***0.261***0.515***0.052***0.042***0.065***1     
16ROA−0.113***0.047***0.085***0.088***0.055***0.068***0.070***0.033***0.064***0.052***0.028***0.027***−0.011**0.033***0.054***1    
17Leverage−0.063***−0.124***0.045***0.065***0.060***0.022***0.027***0.020***0.057***0.0040.029***0.034***0.050***0.030***0.105***−0.131***1   
18Currentr0.224***0.274***−0.186***−0.180***−0.139***−0.131***−0.165***−0.143***−0.135***−0.104***−0.200***−0.073***−0.049***−0.009**−0.342***−0.091***−0.282***1  
19RDintensity0.139***0.240***−0.077***−0.103***−0.023***−0.066***−0.046***−0.034***−0.023***−0.033***−0.103***−0.013***0.011***−0.003−0.219***−0.352***−0.097***0.299***1 
20FFP0.008*−0.009**0.096***0.008*0.092***0.145***0.117***0.051***0.100***0.163***−0.061***0.123***0.073***0.130***−0.008*−0.053***0.012***0.031***0.039***1

Note(s): ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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