Table 9 Research framework’ dimensions... | Emerald Publishing

Table 9

Research framework’ dimensions and related future research directions

Research framework dimension	Future research directions
ESG inputs (and their impact on executive compensation structure)	Is there a critical number of women on the board which increases the likelihood of providing ESG based compensation? What is the impact of diversity other than gender (e.g. experience, age, education, ethnicity, culture, tenure) within the board on the likelihood of including ESG measures in the CEO pays?
ESGBEC design	How are ESG metrics linked to executive compensation identified by firms? Do they reflect material issues? Do they reflect industry-specific criteria? Is the design of the ESGBEC effective? How do the selection of ESG measures, the timeframe, the target (which pertains to the value or range connected to payouts), and the weighting collectively influence its effectiveness?
The impact of executive compensation on ESG/financial outcomes	Can executive compensation be designed to fight greenwashing practices? Do non-financial incentives limit or exacerbate greenwashing practices? Is there a cut-off point for linking executive compensation to stock performance and/or non-financial performance that results in benefits for the company (in terms of higher firm value, or lower carbon emissions)? Does executive compensation linked to non-financial criteria make it convenient to implement sustainable practices? Does it affect eco-efficiency?

Research framework dimension	Future research directions
ESG inputs (and their impact on executive compensation structure)	Is there a critical number of women on the board which increases the likelihood of providing ESG based compensation? What is the impact of diversity other than gender (e.g. experience, age, education, ethnicity, culture, tenure) within the board on the likelihood of including ESG measures in the CEO pays?
ESGBEC design	How are ESG metrics linked to executive compensation identified by firms? Do they reflect material issues? Do they reflect industry-specific criteria? Is the design of the ESGBEC effective? How do the selection of ESG measures, the timeframe, the target (which pertains to the value or range connected to payouts), and the weighting collectively influence its effectiveness?
The impact of executive compensation on ESG/financial outcomes	Can executive compensation be designed to fight greenwashing practices? Do non-financial incentives limit or exacerbate greenwashing practices? Is there a cut-off point for linking executive compensation to stock performance and/or non-financial performance that results in benefits for the company (in terms of higher firm value, or lower carbon emissions)? Does executive compensation linked to non-financial criteria make it convenient to implement sustainable practices? Does it affect eco-efficiency?

Source(s): Authors’ own work