Table 1

Summary of trends

SourceTrends
BiologicalSocietalTechnological
LiteratureAlternative energy
Planetary boundaries
Shared earth
E-commerce
Intra-continental cooperation
Long-distance communication
Platform economy
Reduction of human work at borders
Sharing economy
Artificial intelligence
Automation
Big data analytics
Blockchain
Cloud
Cybersecurity
Digital payment
Drones
EdTechs
Internet of Things
Mobile network
InterviewsAlternative energyCollaboration culture
Digital/Tech education
E-commerce
Intra-continental cooperation
Non-physical payment
Sharing economy
Supply chain resilience
Automation
Big data analytics
Blockchain
Cloud
Drones
Global navigation satellite systems
Internet of Things
Wireless networks
Tracking systems
Companies E-commerce
Platform economy
Single vehicle owner/operators
Addressing systems
All-terrain vehicles
Blockchain
Cloud
Digital certification
Digital map services
E-commerce platforms
Electric vehicles
Global navigation satellite systems
Tracking systems
StartupsMinimal infrastructure, e.g.extensive deliveries made to locations that do not have paved roads and building addressesComplementary structures, e.g.weather forecast information from meteorological institutes combined with local human experienceHybrid architectures, e.g.combinations of person-to-person, telephone and Internet-enabled communication

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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