| Rental Company A – start-up; during the project, grew from 400 to more than 1,000 customers | CEO and Founder – actively participated in the whole process from initial discussions to the evaluation of the practical and theoretical contributions. Active in all workshops, the online whiteboard and evaluations CTO and Founder – active in the initial dialogues, and the set-up of digital integration with the LSP and the operations Operations manager – responsible for the delivery processes, refurbishment and the evaluation of packaging and delivery set-ups. Active in regular meetings, workshops and the online whiteboard Customer relationship manager – active in customer feedback gathering, development of customer information and follow-ups on field tests. Active in regular meetings, workshops and the online whiteboard
| Phases 1–3 |
| Rental Company B – start-up, made initial market evaluations and setup services but left the project before any active sales and deliveries began | CEO and Funder – active in the initial discussions, involved in customer interviews and set-up of initial operations Business development/sales and funder – initial business developer and active with customer and market analysis
| Phase 1 |
| Academia | Professor and lead researcher – initiator of the research project and designer of the research processes. Research coordinator and active researcher in all phases of the project. Facilitator of workshops and the online whiteboard and active in meetings, observations, field tests and interviews Research assistant – customer interviews, warehouse personnel and truck driver interviews, gathering and structuring data from operations during field tests Professor – became involved in the later parts of Phase 2 and primarily active in Phase 3 working on the theoretical reasoning and theory refinement processes
| Phases 1–3 |
| LSP Company – a logistics service provider with €2 billion in turnover, 13,000 employees and 7,000 distribution points in the Nordic region | Manager Product and Business Development – was active in the initial discussions, confirming the interest and challenges with circular logistics setups Project Manager – active in the initial case study at the LSP (Phase 1) and the workshops during and after the field tests Head of sustainability – main sponsor for the LSP company in Phase 2. Responsible for strategic questions and resources. Active in most meetings and the online whiteboard, as well as in the joint workshops Digital development manager – managed design and setup of the logistics processes for deliveries, swaps and returns. Active in most meetings, in internal dialogues and in setting up digital interfaces with Rental Company A. Active in all workshops, the online whiteboard and evaluations Investment and Project Manager – became active before the second field test to take part in the process of investments and the development of business cases. Active in Field Test 2, in key meetings and workshops Business Developer, Consumer Deliveries – active in the customer interface, meeting with and educating personnel (warehouse workers and truck drivers). Involved in the online whiteboard and the workshops Group leader warehouse personnel – active in operational work together with the warehouse personnel and the truck drivers. Gathering and reporting data from the operations at the LSP company. Active in meetings, the online whiteboard and workshops
| Primarily in Phases 1 and 2. Involved in conceptual discussions in Phase 3 |
| Packaging Company – forest and packaging company with €7 billion in turnover, 20,000 employees and operations in 25 countries | Head of innovation – internal sponsor for the project and active in the initiation and agreement as well as the evaluation at the end of Phase 2 Innovation Manager – key member responsible for the project from the Packaging company. Active in regular meetings, workshops and the online whiteboard Innovation Project Coordinator – coordinator of meetings and driving the business perspective during the second field test. Active in regular meetings, workshops and the online whiteboard Innovation and Business Analyst – key responsible for developing business cases and models for the Packaging company. Active in regular meetings, workshops and the online whiteboard Design Project Manager – lead designer for the packaging solution developed and used. Active in all workshops, the online whiteboard and evaluations LCA expert – Active in Field Test 2, in key meetings and workshops. Performed environmental evaluations of the packaging solution
| Phase 2 and conceptual discussions in Phase 3 |