Table 1. Descriptive analysis of...

Table 1.

Descriptive analysis of respondents’ demographic characteristics (n = 563)

Variables	Categories	Frequencies	%
Country	International	220	39.1
Country	National	343	60.9
Gender	Male	352	62.5
Gender	Female	211	37.5
Age	15–20	7	1.2
	21–30	121	21.5
	31–40	290	51.5
	41–50	113	20.1
	Above 50	32	5.7
Qualification	O-Level/Matric	0	0
	Intermediate	11	2
	Bachelors	113	20.1
	Master/M-Phil	388	68.9
	PhD/post PhD	51	9.1
Sector	Government	155	27.5
	Private	328	58.3
	Semi-Government	63	11.2
	Others	17	3
Designation	Staff	130	23.1
	Lower-Level management	38	6.7
	Middle-Level management	248	44
	Strategic-Level management	76	13.5
	Others	71	12.6
Job status	Permanent	432	76.7
	Contract	131	23.3
	Less than 1 Year	18	3.2
	1–3 years	177	31.4
	4–7 years	95	16.9
	8–12 years	88	15.6
	12 and above	185	32.9
Career stages	Entry-Level	205	36.4
	Established	211	37.5
	Maintenance/Maturity	147	26.1

Variables	Categories	Frequencies	%
Country	International	220	39.1
Country	National	343	60.9
Gender	Male	352	62.5
Gender	Female	211	37.5
Age	15–20	7	1.2
	21–30	121	21.5
	31–40	290	51.5
	41–50	113	20.1
	Above 50	32	5.7
Qualification	O-Level/Matric	0	0
	Intermediate	11	2
	Bachelors	113	20.1
	Master/M-Phil	388	68.9
	PhD/post PhD	51	9.1
Sector	Government	155	27.5
	Private	328	58.3
	Semi-Government	63	11.2
	Others	17	3
Designation	Staff	130	23.1
	Lower-Level management	38	6.7
	Middle-Level management	248	44
	Strategic-Level management	76	13.5
	Others	71	12.6
Job status	Permanent	432	76.7
	Contract	131	23.3
	Less than 1 Year	18	3.2
	1–3 years	177	31.4
	4–7 years	95	16.9
	8–12 years	88	15.6
	12 and above	185	32.9
Career stages	Entry-Level	205	36.4
	Established	211	37.5
	Maintenance/Maturity	147	26.1

Note(s):

This table summarizes the demographic characteristics of the respondents who participated in the study. A total of 563 valid responses were collected, with 60.9% representing national (Pakistan-based) participants and 39.1% international respondents. The sample was predominantly male (62.5%), with most participants aged between 31–40 years (51.5%). In terms of education, 68.9% held a Master’s or MPhil degree, while 9.1% had a PhD or postdoctoral qualification. The majority worked in the private sector (58.3%), followed by the government sector (27.5%). Regarding organizational roles, 44% were from middle-level management. Most participants were in permanent positions (76.7%) and had over 12 years of experience (32.9%). The sample represented all three major career stages, with 37.5% in the established phase and 36.4% at the entry level

Source(s): Authors’ own creation

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