Table A1.

Indicators and thresholds for defining the physical condition of slum environment

Lack of access to improved waterAbsence of rainwater collection
Absence of protected spring water
Absence of protected dug well
Borehole is not connected to the house or plot
Public stand pipe serving more than 5 households
Piped not connected to the house or plot
Lack of access to improved sanitationDwelling does not connect directly to public sewer
Dwelling does not have a ventilated improved pit latrine
Dwelling does not connect directly pour flush latrine
Dwelling does not connect directly to septic tank
Dwelling does not have pit latrine with slab or composting toilets
Structural quality/durability of housingPermanent building materials are not used for walls
Permanent building materials are not used for roof
Permanent building materials are not used for floor
Dwelling does not comply with building codes
Dwelling is not in a dilapidated state
Dwelling is not in need of major repairs
Dwelling is not located no or near toxic waste
Dwelling is not located on steep slope
Dwelling is not located on a floodplain
Dwelling is not located on in a dangerous right of way (railway, highway, power line, airport etc)
Dwelling is not directly connected to the electricity supply
Sufficient living space (not overcrowded)More than two persons per room
Dwelling does not observe minimum standard for floor area per person (e.g. 5 square metres)
Security of tenureHouseholds do not have formal title deeds to both land and residence
Households do not have evidence of documentation that can be used as proof of secure tenure status
Households do not have formal title deeds to either land or residence
Households do not have enforceable agreements or any document as proof of a tenure arrangement
Households do not have De facto protection from forced evictions
Households do not have De jure protection from forced evictions
Sources: UN-Habitat (2003a, 2003b), Arimah (2012) and Author’s Review (2024)

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