Table 1 Typology of actors in the...

Table 1

Typology of actors in the extended ecosystem of a tourism destination (n = 1,117*)

Internal actors	External actors
Tourism actors (n = 738)	ICT actors (n = 101)***	Institutional and socio-economic non-tourism (ISEN) actors (n = 184)**
Primary sectors (Initially sampled “core actors,” n = 670, and the entities discovered via web crawling, n = 68**) Accommodations Destination management organisations Natural and cultural resources Tourism-related public bodies Travel agencies and other reservation services Sports and recreation service companies	General ICT (n = 66)** ▪ Content technology ▪ ICT providers ▪ Mapping and localisation technology ▪ Marketing tools ▪ Multifunctional web portals ▪ Social media ▪ Software development and eectronics ▪ Video conferencing and instant messaging ▪ Web browsing ▪ Web development	Development actors Governmental and intergovernmental agencies Non-tourism information services Research and education Retail services, banks, and other businesses
Added sectors (n = 88)** Annual events Food and beverage serving activities Production and tourism Sports facilities and organisations Tourism information Transport services	Travel tech (n = 35)** ▪ Leisure platforms ▪ Tourism management software ▪ Travel platforms

Internal actors	External actors
Tourism actors (n = 738)	ICT actors (n = 101)***	Institutional and socio-economic non-tourism (ISEN) actors (n = 184)**
Primary sectors (Initially sampled “core actors,” n = 670, and the entities discovered via web crawling, n = 68**) Accommodations Destination management organisations Natural and cultural resources Tourism-related public bodies Travel agencies and other reservation services Sports and recreation service companies	General ICT (n = 66)**▪ Content technology ▪ ICT providers ▪ Mapping and localisation technology ▪ Marketing tools ▪ Multifunctional web portals ▪ Social media ▪ Software development and eectronics ▪ Video conferencing and instant messaging ▪ Web browsing ▪ Web development	Development actors Governmental and intergovernmental agencies Non-tourism information services Research and education Retail services, banks, and other businesses
Added sectors (n = 88)** Annual events Food and beverage serving activities Production and tourism Sports facilities and organisations Tourism information Transport services	Travel tech (n = 35)**▪ Leisure platforms ▪ Tourism management software ▪ Travel platforms

Note(s): • Main subtypes of tourism, ICT, and institutional and socio-economic non-tourism actors. ▪ Subtypes of general ICT and travel tech actors (in italics). *Entities for which no type could be assigned were excluded from the table (n = 6). **The types were developed based on the entities identified through web crawling. ***Additional subtypes were elaborated: “domestic” (headquartered within Spain) and “foreign” (headquartered outside Spain)

Source(s): Created by authors

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