Table 3 Results of hypotheses tests H#... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Results of hypotheses tests

H#	Independent variable	Dependent variable	Statistical test	Results
H1a	Provision of a social frame (nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	T-test for independent samples	p = 0.000, t = 6.114, SD = 0.175, MD = 1.219, interval [0.874; 1.564]
H1a	Shamefulness (metric)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	Simple linear regression analysis	p = 0.001, y = 1.843 + 0.263x, p_b0 = 0.000, p_b1 = 0.001, R² = 0.046
H1b	Topic of social frame of reference (nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	T-test for independent samples	p = 0.882, t = −0.148, SD = 0.227, MD = −0.034, interval [−0.482; 0.415]
H1	Provision of a social frame (nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	ANOVA	C vs E_A: p = 0.000; C vs E_T: p = 0.000; E_A vs E_T: p = 0.986
H2	Product type (nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	T-test for independent samples	p = 0.679, t = −0.414, SD = 0.195, MD = −0.081, interval [−0.465; 0.304]
H2	Social frame and product type (metric)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	ANOVA	p = 0.117, F = 2.168, no significant interaction
H3a	Social presence (nominal)	Expected shame (metric)	T-test for dependent samples	p = 0.000, t = −9.432, SD = 1.236, MD = −0.734, interval [−0.887; −0.581]
H3	Age group of the others (ordinal)	Expected shame (metric)	ANOVA with repeated measurement	p = 0.000, F = 11.392, partial $η^{2}$ = 0.043
				H3b: older vs similar age: p = 0.017, SD = 0.074, MD = −0.206, interval [−0.384; −0.028]
				H3c: older vs similar age: p = 0.153, SD = 0.085, MD = 0.167, interval [−0.038; 0.372]
				H3d: similar age vs younger: p = 0.000, SD = 0.076, MD = 0.373, interval [0.191; 0.555]
H4	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	Purchase intention (metric)	Contingency analysis	p = 0.000, $χ^{2}$ = 70.448, Pearson-R = 0.334, CC = 0.467, Cramer’s V = 0.236
	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	Purchase intention (metric)	Regression analysis	p = 0.000, y = 3.855 + 0.315x, p_b0 = 0.000, p_b1 = 0.000, R² = 0.111
	Perceived relevance of sustainability (metric)	Purchase intention (metric)	Regression analysis	p = 0.000, y = 2.602 + 0.27x₁ + 0.258x_2, p_b0 = 0.000, p_b1 = 0.000, p_b2 = 0.004, R² = 0.140

H#	Independent variable	Dependent variable	Statistical test	Results
H1a	Provision of a social frame (nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	T-test for independent samples	p = 0.000, t = 6.114, SD = 0.175, MD = 1.219, interval [0.874; 1.564]
H1a	Shamefulness (metric)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	Simple linear regression analysis	p = 0.001, y = 1.843 + 0.263x, p_b0 = 0.000, p_b1 = 0.001, R² = 0.046
H1b	Topic of social frame of reference (nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	T-test for independent samples	p = 0.882, t = −0.148, SD = 0.227, MD = −0.034, interval [−0.482; 0.415]
H1	Provision of a social frame (nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	ANOVA	C vs E_A: p = 0.000; C vs E_T: p = 0.000; E_A vs E_T: p = 0.986
H2	Product type(nominal)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	T-test for independent samples	p = 0.679, t = −0.414, SD = 0.195, MD = −0.081, interval [−0.465; 0.304]
H2	Social frame and product type (metric)	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	ANOVA	p = 0.117, F = 2.168, no significant interaction
H3a	Social presence(nominal)	Expected shame (metric)	T-test for dependent samples	p = 0.000, t = −9.432, SD = 1.236, MD = −0.734, interval [−0.887; −0.581]
H3	Age group of the others(ordinal)	Expected shame (metric)	ANOVA with repeated measurement	p = 0.000, F = 11.392, partial $η^{2}$ = 0.043
				H3b: older vs similar age: p = 0.017, SD = 0.074, MD = −0.206, interval [−0.384; −0.028]
				H3c: older vs similar age: p = 0.153, SD = 0.085, MD = 0.167, interval [−0.038; 0.372]
				H3d: similar age vs younger: p = 0.000, SD = 0.076, MD = 0.373, interval [0.191; 0.555]
H4	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	Purchase intention (metric)	Contingency analysis	p = 0.000, $χ^{2}$ = 70.448, Pearson-R = 0.334, CC = 0.467, Cramer’s V = 0.236
	Expected shame without social presence (metric)	Purchase intention (metric)	Regression analysis	p = 0.000, y = 3.855 + 0.315x, p_b0 = 0.000, p_b1 = 0.000, R² = 0.111
	Perceived relevance of sustainability (metric)	Purchase intention (metric)	Regression analysis	p = 0.000, y = 2.602 + 0.27x₁ + 0.258x_2, p_b0 = 0.000, p_b1 = 0.000, p_b2 = 0.004, R² = 0.140

Source(s): Authors’ own work