Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for the variables in the study

No.	Variables	Respondent
		Principals		Teachers		Total
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Sig.(2-tailed)
I	Educational input
1	School infrastructure and materials
1.1	Availability	2.65	0.55	2.74	0.56	2.75	0.55	0.00
1.2	Adequacy	2.55	0.55	2.64	0.56	2.63	0.56	0.00
1.3	Utilization	2.7	0.64	2.76	0.6	2.75	0.6	0.00
2	School finance management	2.73	1.03	2.77	0.71	2.76	0.76	0.00
3	Community engagement and support	2.79	0.91	2.99	0.73	2.96	0.76	0.34
II	School-level process
1	The development of a school improvement plan (SIP)	2.71	0.87	2.93	0.74	2.9	0.76	0.02
2	Professional development activities	2.99	0.66	3.06	0.65	3.05	0.65	0.17
3	Efforts to establish a safe and supportive school climate,	3.01	0.75	3.13	0.65	3.11	0.67	0.01
4	Leadership engagement	2.82	0.81	3.05	0.7	3.02	0.72	0.71
III	Classroom-level process
1	Instructional time utilization	3.06	0.71	3.08	0.66	3.07	0.67	0.05
2	Student learning opportunities	2.9	0.69	3	0.71	2.99	0.7	0.76
3	Monitoring of students’ progress	2.91	0.55	3.03	0.57	3.01	0.57	0.77

No.	Variables	Respondent
		Principals		Teachers		Total
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Sig.(2-tailed)
I	Educational input
1	School infrastructure and materials
1.1	Availability	2.65	0.55	2.74	0.56	2.75	0.55	0.00
1.2	Adequacy	2.55	0.55	2.64	0.56	2.63	0.56	0.00
1.3	Utilization	2.7	0.64	2.76	0.6	2.75	0.6	0.00
2	School finance management	2.73	1.03	2.77	0.71	2.76	0.76	0.00
3	Community engagement and support	2.79	0.91	2.99	0.73	2.96	0.76	0.34
II	School-level process
1	The development of a school improvement plan (SIP)	2.71	0.87	2.93	0.74	2.9	0.76	0.02
2	Professional development activities	2.99	0.66	3.06	0.65	3.05	0.65	0.17
3	Efforts to establish a safe and supportive school climate,	3.01	0.75	3.13	0.65	3.11	0.67	0.01
4	Leadership engagement	2.82	0.81	3.05	0.7	3.02	0.72	0.71
III	Classroom-level process
1	Instructional time utilization	3.06	0.71	3.08	0.66	3.07	0.67	0.05
2	Student learning opportunities	2.9	0.69	3	0.71	2.99	0.7	0.76
3	Monitoring of students’ progress	2.91	0.55	3.03	0.57	3.01	0.57	0.77

Note(s):

Test value M = 3.0, p < 0.05, n = 346 for educators (principals, 54 and 292 teachers, including department heads)

Source(s): Created by the authors