Table 2. Confirmatory factor analysis...

Table 2.

Confirmatory factor analysis

Constructs and the sources of constructs	Alpha	CR	Standardized loadings (⁠ $λ_{yi}$ ⁠)	Reliabili y (⁠ ${λ^{2}}_{yi}$ ⁠)	Variance [var(⁠ $ε_{yi}$ ⁠)]	Average variance extracted estimate Σ (⁠ ${λ^{2}}_{yi}$ ⁠)/ [(⁠ ${λ^{2}}_{yi}$ ⁠) + (var(⁠ $ε_{i}$ ⁠))]
HPHRP [ability-enhancing dimension] (Chuang et al., 2013)	0.78	0.86				0.60
In my opinion selection of employees is totally based on their technical skills but not interpersonal skills			0.73	0.53	0.47
I believe that selection of employees emphasizes teamwork ability			0.87	0.76	0.24
In my opinion organization provides training to improve the interpersonal skills of employees to build good relationships			0.76	0.58	0.42
In my opinion organization provides training to enhance team-building and teamwork skills of employees			0.74	0.55	0.45
HPHRP [motivating enhancing dimension] (Chuang et al., 2013)	0.75	0.88				0.64
In my opinion the selection of employees emphasizes their overall fit to the organization (values and personality)			0.75	0.56	0.44
In my opinion organization provides an extensive orientation program for new employees to learn the history, culture and values of the organization			0.78	0.61	0.39
I believe the organization rewards employees for sharing new information and knowledge			0.91	0.83	0.17
I believe employees’ bonuses or incentive plans are based primarily on the organizational performance			0.75	0.56	0.44
HPHRP [opportunity-enhancing dimension] (Chuang et al., 2013)	0.77	0.84				0.63
In my opinion the organization sponsors various social events to encourage contact and relationship building among employees			0.79	0.62	0.38
In my opinion the organization often arranges events for knowledge exchange (e.g. seminar and presentation)			0.81	0.66	0.34
In my opinion organization provides team training to facilitate social interaction			0.78	0.61	0.39
Psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007)	0.74	0.90				0.57
I feel confident in analyzing a long-term problem to find a solution			0.78	0.61	0.39
I am confident in my performance that I can work under pressure and challenging circumstances			0.79	0.62	0.38
I feel confident that I can accomplish my work goals			0.71	0.50	0.50
At work, I always find that every problem has a solution			0.73	0.53	0.47
If I have to face with bad situation, I believe that everything will change to be better			0.83	0.69	0.31
I believe that success in the current work will occur in the future			0.72	0.52	0.48
I usually take stressful things at work in stride			0.70	0.49	0.51
Emotional intelligence [self emotion appraisal] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.76	0.81				0.58
I have good understanding of my own emotions			0.74	0.55	0.45
I really understand what I feel			0.79	0.62	0.38
I always know whether or not I am happy			0.76	0.58	0.42
Emotional intelligence [others emotion appraisal] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.79	0.81				0.59
I am a good observer of others’ emotions (OEA)			0.78	0.61	0.39
I am sensitive to the feelings and emotions of others (OEA)			0.72	0.52	0.48
I always know my friends’ emotions from their behaviour (OEA)			0.80	0.64	0.36
Emotional Intelligence [use of emotions] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.81	0.80				0.57
I always tell myself I am a competent person			0.75	0.56	0.44
I am a self-motivated person			0.73	0.53	0.47
I would always encourage myself to try my best			0.79	0.62	0.38
Emotional Intelligence [regulation of emotions] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.76	0.80				0.57
I am able to control my temper and handle difficulties rationally			0.73	0.53	0.47
I can always calm down quickly when I am very angry			0.74	0.55	0.45
I have good control of my own emotions (ROE)			0.79	0.62	0.38
Spiritual intelligence [meaning at work] (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000)	0.81	0.86				0.60
I experience joy in my work			0.75	0.56	0.44
I believe others experience joy as a result of my work			0.79	0.62	0.38
I believe that my spirit is energized by my work			0.83	0.69	0.31
I see a connection between my work and the larger social good for my community			0.73	0.53	0.47
Spiritual intelligence [conditions for community] (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000)	0.75	0.84				0.57
I feel part of a community in my immediate workplace (department and unit)			0.77	0.59	0.41
I believe that my supervisor encourages my personal growth			0.72	0.52	0.48
I feel that when I have fears I am encouraged to discuss them			0.71	0.50	0.50
I am evaluated fairly here			0.81	0.66	0.34
Spiritual intelligence [alignment with organization value] (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000)	0.71	0.85				0.59
In my opinion this organization cares about all its employees			0.72	0.52	0.48
I feel that this organization is concerned about the poor in our community			0.77	0.59	0.41
I feel positive about the values of the organization			0.80	0.64	0.36
I feel connected with this organization’s goals			0.78	0.61	0.39
Artificial intelligence (Schepman and Rodway, 2022)	0.76	0.92				0.58
I believe there are beneficial applications of artificial intelligence			0.71	0.50	0.50
I believe artificial intelligence can have positive impacts on people’s well-being			0.79	0.62	0.38
I believe artificial intelligence is exciting			0.74	0.55	0.45
I believe artificial intelligent systems can perform better than humans			0.83	0.69	0.31
I am interested in using artificial intelligent systems in my daily life			0.80	0.64	0.36
I would like to use artificial intelligent systems in my own job			0.73	0.53	0.47
I believe artificial intelligent systems can help people feel happier			0.75	0.56	0.44
I love everything about AI			0.74	0.55	0.45
Perceived stress (Cohen and Williamson, 1988)	0.83	0.94				0.63
I felt upset because of something happened unexpectedly			0.76	0.58	0.42
I felt that I am unable to control important things in your life			0.79	0.62	0.38
I felt nervous and stressed			0.72	0.52	0.48
I found that I could not cope with all the things that I had to do			0.82	0.67	0.33
I felt angry because of things that were outside of my control			0.81	0.66	0.34
I did not feel confident about my ability to handle my personal problems			0.79	0.62	0.38
I did not feel that things were going my way			0.85	0.72	0.28
I could not control irritations in my life			0.75	0.56	0.44
I did not feel that I was on top of things			0.86	0.74	0.26

Constructs and the sources of constructs	Alpha	CR	Standardized loadings ( $λ_{yi}$ )	Reliabili y ( ${λ^{2}}_{yi}$ )	Variance [var( $ε_{yi}$ )]	Average variance extracted estimate Σ ( ${λ^{2}}_{yi}$ )/ [( ${λ^{2}}_{yi}$ ) + (var( $ε_{i}$ ))]
HPHRP [ability-enhancing dimension] (Chuang et al., 2013)	0.78	0.86				0.60
In my opinion selection of employees is totally based on their technical skills but not interpersonal skills			0.73	0.53	0.47
I believe that selection of employees emphasizes teamwork ability			0.87	0.76	0.24
In my opinion organization provides training to improve the interpersonal skills of employees to build good relationships			0.76	0.58	0.42
In my opinion organization provides training to enhance team-building and teamwork skills of employees			0.74	0.55	0.45
HPHRP [motivating enhancing dimension] (Chuang et al., 2013)	0.75	0.88				0.64
In my opinion the selection of employees emphasizes their overall fit to the organization (values and personality)			0.75	0.56	0.44
In my opinion organization provides an extensive orientation program for new employees to learn the history, culture and values of the organization			0.78	0.61	0.39
I believe the organization rewards employees for sharing new information and knowledge			0.91	0.83	0.17
I believe employees’ bonuses or incentive plans are based primarily on the organizational performance			0.75	0.56	0.44
HPHRP [opportunity-enhancing dimension] (Chuang et al., 2013)	0.77	0.84				0.63
In my opinion the organization sponsors various social events to encourage contact and relationship building among employees			0.79	0.62	0.38
In my opinion the organization often arranges events for knowledge exchange (e.g. seminar and presentation)			0.81	0.66	0.34
In my opinion organization provides team training to facilitate social interaction			0.78	0.61	0.39
Psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007)	0.74	0.90				0.57
I feel confident in analyzing a long-term problem to find a solution			0.78	0.61	0.39
I am confident in my performance that I can work under pressure and challenging circumstances			0.79	0.62	0.38
I feel confident that I can accomplish my work goals			0.71	0.50	0.50
At work, I always find that every problem has a solution			0.73	0.53	0.47
If I have to face with bad situation, I believe that everything will change to be better			0.83	0.69	0.31
I believe that success in the current work will occur in the future			0.72	0.52	0.48
I usually take stressful things at work in stride			0.70	0.49	0.51
Emotional intelligence [self emotion appraisal] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.76	0.81				0.58
I have good understanding of my own emotions			0.74	0.55	0.45
I really understand what I feel			0.79	0.62	0.38
I always know whether or not I am happy			0.76	0.58	0.42
Emotional intelligence [others emotion appraisal] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.79	0.81				0.59
I am a good observer of others’ emotions (OEA)			0.78	0.61	0.39
I am sensitive to the feelings and emotions of others (OEA)			0.72	0.52	0.48
I always know my friends’ emotions from their behaviour (OEA)			0.80	0.64	0.36
Emotional Intelligence [use of emotions] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.81	0.80				0.57
I always tell myself I am a competent person			0.75	0.56	0.44
I am a self-motivated person			0.73	0.53	0.47
I would always encourage myself to try my best			0.79	0.62	0.38
Emotional Intelligence [regulation of emotions] (Salovey and Mayer, 1990)	0.76	0.80				0.57
I am able to control my temper and handle difficulties rationally			0.73	0.53	0.47
I can always calm down quickly when I am very angry			0.74	0.55	0.45
I have good control of my own emotions (ROE)			0.79	0.62	0.38
Spiritual intelligence [meaning at work] (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000)	0.81	0.86				0.60
I experience joy in my work			0.75	0.56	0.44
I believe others experience joy as a result of my work			0.79	0.62	0.38
I believe that my spirit is energized by my work			0.83	0.69	0.31
I see a connection between my work and the larger social good for my community			0.73	0.53	0.47
Spiritual intelligence [conditions for community] (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000)	0.75	0.84				0.57
I feel part of a community in my immediate workplace (department and unit)			0.77	0.59	0.41
I believe that my supervisor encourages my personal growth			0.72	0.52	0.48
I feel that when I have fears I am encouraged to discuss them			0.71	0.50	0.50
I am evaluated fairly here			0.81	0.66	0.34
Spiritual intelligence [alignment with organization value] (Ashmos and Duchon, 2000)	0.71	0.85				0.59
In my opinion this organization cares about all its employees			0.72	0.52	0.48
I feel that this organization is concerned about the poor in our community			0.77	0.59	0.41
I feel positive about the values of the organization			0.80	0.64	0.36
I feel connected with this organization’s goals			0.78	0.61	0.39
Artificial intelligence (Schepman and Rodway, 2022)	0.76	0.92				0.58
I believe there are beneficial applications of artificial intelligence			0.71	0.50	0.50
I believe artificial intelligence can have positive impacts on people’s well-being			0.79	0.62	0.38
I believe artificial intelligence is exciting			0.74	0.55	0.45
I believe artificial intelligent systems can perform better than humans			0.83	0.69	0.31
I am interested in using artificial intelligent systems in my daily life			0.80	0.64	0.36
I would like to use artificial intelligent systems in my own job			0.73	0.53	0.47
I believe artificial intelligent systems can help people feel happier			0.75	0.56	0.44
I love everything about AI			0.74	0.55	0.45
Perceived stress (Cohen and Williamson, 1988)	0.83	0.94				0.63
I felt upset because of something happened unexpectedly			0.76	0.58	0.42
I felt that I am unable to control important things in your life			0.79	0.62	0.38
I felt nervous and stressed			0.72	0.52	0.48
I found that I could not cope with all the things that I had to do			0.82	0.67	0.33
I felt angry because of things that were outside of my control			0.81	0.66	0.34
I did not feel confident about my ability to handle my personal problems			0.79	0.62	0.38
I did not feel that things were going my way			0.85	0.72	0.28
I could not control irritations in my life			0.75	0.56	0.44
I did not feel that I was on top of things			0.86	0.74	0.26

Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration

[ViewLarge]