Table A1 The measurement scales Items...

Table A1

The measurement scales

Items	Standardized factor loadings	Sources
Transformational leadership		Carless et al. (2000)
Team leader communicates a clear and positive vision of the future	0.726
Team leader treats staff as individuals, supports and encourages their development	0.761
Team leader gives encouragement and recognition to staff	0.823
Team leader fosters trust, involvement and cooperation among team members	0.798
Team leader encourages thinking about problems in new ways and questions assumptions	0.755
Team leader is clear about his/her values and practices what he/she preaches	0.803
Team leader instills pride and respect in others and inspires me by being highly competent	0.797
Perceived team CoPs
The domain
Team members share concerns and interests at work	0.709	Wenger (2011)
Team members share the vision of helping others solve their problems	0.773	Chiu et al. (2006)
Team members share the same goal of learning from each other	0.737	Chiu et al. (2006)
The community
Team members learn new skills and knowledge through collaborating with one another	0.775	Cadiz et al. (2009)
In our team, there is an open environment for free communication	0.628	Cadiz et al. (2009)
Team members help each other at work	0.731	Wenger (2011)
The practice
Team members share our experience or know-how from work with one another	0.759	Jeon et al. (2011)
Team members share our expertise from education or training with one another	0.730	Jeon et al. (2011)
Team members shared what we learned at work	0.770	Cadiz et al. (2009)
Knowledge creation
I frequently come up with new ideas about our working methods and processes	0.786	Andreeva and Kianto (2011), Goswami and Agrawal (2020) and Khedhaouria and Jamal (2015)
If a traditional method is not effective anymore, I develop a new method	0.802
I use existing know-how in a creative manner for new applications	0.782
I frequently experiment with new alternatives	0.761
I am highly imaginative in thinking about new or better solutions to resolve problems	0.809
I often invent new ideas to resolve nonroutine situations	0.814
Knowledge sharing with other teams
I will share my work reports and official documents with other teams	0.721	Bock et al. (2005)
I will always provide my manuals, methodologies and models for other teams	0.779
I intend to share my experience or know-how with other teams	0.796
I will always provide my know-where or know-whom at the request of other teams	0.676
I will try to share my expertise from my education or training with other teams in a more effective way	0.761
Knowledge withholding from other teams
I contribute less knowledge than I know I can for other teams	0.704	Lin and Huang (2010)
I give less effort on knowledge contribution than other teams	0.616
I often leave contributing knowledge to other teams	0.708
I often take advantage of other teams’ knowledge without contribution	0.640
I avoid contributing knowledge to other teams as much as possible	0.749

Items	Standardized factor loadings	Sources
Transformational leadership		Carless et al. (2000)
Team leader communicates a clear and positive vision of the future	0.726
Team leader treats staff as individuals, supports and encourages their development	0.761
Team leader gives encouragement and recognition to staff	0.823
Team leader fosters trust, involvement and cooperation among team members	0.798
Team leader encourages thinking about problems in new ways and questions assumptions	0.755
Team leader is clear about his/her values and practices what he/she preaches	0.803
Team leader instills pride and respect in others and inspires me by being highly competent	0.797
Perceived team CoPs
The domain
Team members share concerns and interests at work	0.709	Wenger (2011)
Team members share the vision of helping others solve their problems	0.773	Chiu et al. (2006)
Team members share the same goal of learning from each other	0.737	Chiu et al. (2006)
The community
Team members learn new skills and knowledge through collaborating with one another	0.775	Cadiz et al. (2009)
In our team, there is an open environment for free communication	0.628	Cadiz et al. (2009)
Team members help each other at work	0.731	Wenger (2011)
The practice
Team members share our experience or know-how from work with one another	0.759	Jeon et al. (2011)
Team members share our expertise from education or training with one another	0.730	Jeon et al. (2011)
Team members shared what we learned at work	0.770	Cadiz et al. (2009)
Knowledge creation
I frequently come up with new ideas about our working methods and processes	0.786	Andreeva and Kianto (2011), Goswami and Agrawal (2020) and Khedhaouria and Jamal (2015)
If a traditional method is not effective anymore, I develop a new method	0.802
I use existing know-how in a creative manner for new applications	0.782
I frequently experiment with new alternatives	0.761
I am highly imaginative in thinking about new or better solutions to resolve problems	0.809
I often invent new ideas to resolve nonroutine situations	0.814
Knowledge sharing with other teams
I will share my work reports and official documents with other teams	0.721	Bock et al. (2005)
I will always provide my manuals, methodologies and models for other teams	0.779
I intend to share my experience or know-how with other teams	0.796
I will always provide my know-where or know-whom at the request of other teams	0.676
I will try to share my expertise from my education or training with other teams in a more effective way	0.761
Knowledge withholding from other teams
I contribute less knowledge than I know I can for other teams	0.704	Lin and Huang (2010)
I give less effort on knowledge contribution than other teams	0.616
I often leave contributing knowledge to other teams	0.708
I often take advantage of other teams’ knowledge without contribution	0.640
I avoid contributing knowledge to other teams as much as possible	0.749

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