Table 1. Operationalization of the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Operationalization of the variables

Variable	Indicator	Definition	Measure
ESG reporting practices (dependent variable)	ESG reporting disclosure index	ESGRDI is calculated by dividing the combined score on all ESG dimensions obtained by the total number of indicators	Five-point Likert scale
Firm size	Total asset	Amount of total assets	Natural logarithm in total assets
Profitability	Return on assets	$\frac{Net Profit After Tax}{Total Assets}$	Return on asset ratio
Leverage	Debt-to-Equity	$\frac{Total Debt}{Total Equity}$	Debt-to-equity ratio

Variable	Indicator	Definition	Measure
ESG reporting practices (dependent variable)	ESG reporting disclosure index	ESGRDI is calculated by dividing the combined score on all ESG dimensions obtained by the total number of indicators	Five-point Likert scale
Firm size	Total asset	Amount of total assets	Natural logarithm in total assets
Profitability	Return on assets	$\frac{Net Profit After Tax}{Total Assets}$	Return on asset ratio
Leverage	Debt-to-Equity	$\frac{Total Debt}{Total Equity}$	Debt-to-equity ratio

Source(s): Authors’ own work